WIP: refactor to parse incoming stream as state machine

15 files changed, 241 insertions, 1296 deletions

diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 42f8db0..bb68f96 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -10,9 +10,12 @@ edition = "2021"
 async-recursion = "1.0.4"
 async-trait = "0.1.68"
 nanoid = "0.4.0"
-quick-xml = { git = "https://github.com/tafia/quick-xml.git", features = ["async-tokio"] }
+quick-xml = { git = "https://github.com/tafia/quick-xml.git", features = ["async-tokio", "serialize"] }
 # TODO: remove unneeded features
 rsasl = { version = "2", default_features = true, features = ["provider_base64", "plain", "config_builder"] }
+serde = "1.0.180"
 tokio = { version = "1.28", features = ["full"] }
 tokio-native-tls = "0.3.1"
+tracing = "0.1.40"
 trust-dns-resolver = "0.22.0"
+try_map = "0.3.1"
diff --git a/src/client/encrypted.rs b/src/client/encrypted.rs
index 47b2b2c..263d5ff 100644
--- a/src/client/encrypted.rs
+++ b/src/client/encrypted.rs
@@ -2,36 +2,26 @@ use std::{collections::BTreeMap, str};
 
 use quick_xml::{
     events::{BytesDecl, Event},
-    Reader, Writer,
+    NsReader, Writer,
 };
 use rsasl::prelude::{Mechname, SASLClient};
 use tokio::io::{BufReader, ReadHalf, WriteHalf};
 use tokio::net::TcpStream;
 use tokio_native_tls::TlsStream;
 
-use crate::stanza::{
-    bind::Bind,
-    iq::IQ,
-    sasl::{Challenge, Success},
-    Element,
-};
-use crate::stanza::{
-    sasl::{Auth, Response},
-    stream::{Stream, StreamFeature},
-};
 use crate::Jabber;
 use crate::JabberError;
 use crate::Result;
 
 pub struct JabberClient<'j> {
-    pub reader: Reader<BufReader<ReadHalf<TlsStream<TcpStream>>>>,
+    pub reader: NsReader<BufReader<ReadHalf<TlsStream<TcpStream>>>>,
     pub writer: Writer<WriteHalf<TlsStream<TcpStream>>>,
     jabber: &'j mut Jabber<'j>,
 }
 
 impl<'j> JabberClient<'j> {
     pub fn new(
-        reader: Reader<BufReader<ReadHalf<TlsStream<TcpStream>>>>,
+        reader: NsReader<BufReader<ReadHalf<TlsStream<TcpStream>>>>,
         writer: Writer<WriteHalf<TlsStream<TcpStream>>>,
         jabber: &'j mut Jabber<'j>,
     ) -> Self {
diff --git a/src/client/mod.rs b/src/client/mod.rs
index 280e0a1..01df4a4 100644
--- a/src/client/mod.rs
+++ b/src/client/mod.rs
@@ -1,22 +1,24 @@
-pub mod encrypted;
+// pub mod encrypted;
 pub mod unencrypted;
 
 // use async_trait::async_trait;
 
-use crate::stanza::stream::StreamFeature;
+// use crate::stanza::stream::StreamFeature;
 use crate::JabberError;
 use crate::Result;
 
 pub enum JabberClientType<'j> {
-    Encrypted(encrypted::JabberClient<'j>),
+    // Encrypted(encrypted::JabberClient<'j>),
     Unencrypted(unencrypted::JabberClient<'j>),
 }
 
 impl<'j> JabberClientType<'j> {
+    /// ensures an encrypted jabber client
     pub async fn ensure_tls(self) -> Result<encrypted::JabberClient<'j>> {
         match self {
             Self::Encrypted(c) => Ok(c),
             Self::Unencrypted(mut c) => {
+                c.start_stream().await?;
                 let features = c.get_features().await?;
                 if features.contains(&StreamFeature::StartTls) {
                     Ok(c.starttls().await?)
@@ -28,7 +30,7 @@ impl<'j> JabberClientType<'j> {
     }
 }
 
-// TODO: jabber client trait over both client types
+// TODO: jabber client trait over both client types using macro
 // #[async_trait]
 // pub trait JabberTrait {
 //     async fn start_stream(&mut self) -> Result<()>;
diff --git a/src/client/unencrypted.rs b/src/client/unencrypted.rs
index 27b0a5f..4aa9c63 100644
--- a/src/client/unencrypted.rs
+++ b/src/client/unencrypted.rs
@@ -1,27 +1,30 @@
+use std::str;
+
 use quick_xml::{
-    events::{BytesDecl, BytesStart, Event},
+    events::{BytesStart, Event},
     name::QName,
-    Reader, Writer,
+    se, NsReader, Writer,
 };
 use tokio::io::{BufReader, ReadHalf, WriteHalf};
 use tokio::net::TcpStream;
 use tokio_native_tls::native_tls::TlsConnector;
+use try_map::FallibleMapExt;
 
-use crate::stanza::stream::StreamFeature;
-use crate::stanza::Element;
+use crate::error::JabberError;
+use crate::stanza::stream::Stream;
+use crate::stanza::DECLARATION;
 use crate::Jabber;
 use crate::Result;
-use crate::{error::JabberError, stanza::stream::Stream};
 
 pub struct JabberClient<'j> {
-    reader: Reader<BufReader<ReadHalf<TcpStream>>>,
+    reader: NsReader<BufReader<ReadHalf<TcpStream>>>,
     writer: Writer<WriteHalf<TcpStream>>,
     jabber: &'j mut Jabber<'j>,
 }
 
 impl<'j> JabberClient<'j> {
     pub fn new(
-        reader: Reader<BufReader<ReadHalf<TcpStream>>>,
+        reader: NsReader<BufReader<ReadHalf<TcpStream>>>,
         writer: Writer<WriteHalf<TcpStream>>,
         jabber: &'j mut Jabber<'j>,
     ) -> Self {
@@ -34,60 +37,144 @@ impl<'j> JabberClient<'j> {
 
     pub async fn start_stream(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
         // client to server
-        let declaration = BytesDecl::new("1.0", None, None);
+
+        // declaration
+        self.writer.write_event_async(DECLARATION).await?;
+
+        // opening stream element
         let server = &self.jabber.server.to_owned().try_into()?;
-        let stream_element =
-            Stream::new_client(&self.jabber.jid, server, None, Some("en".to_string()));
-        self.writer
-            .write_event_async(Event::Decl(declaration))
-            .await?;
-        let stream_element: Element<'_> = stream_element.into();
-        stream_element.write_start(&mut self.writer).await?;
-        // server to client
-        let mut buf = Vec::new();
-        self.reader.read_event_into_async(&mut buf).await?;
-        let _stream_response = Element::read_start(&mut self.reader).await?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
+        let stream_element = Stream::new_client(None, server, None, "en");
+        se::to_writer_with_root(&mut self.writer, "stream:stream", &stream_element);
 
-    pub async fn get_features(&mut self) -> Result<Vec<StreamFeature>> {
-        Element::read(&mut self.reader).await?.try_into()
-    }
+        // server to client
 
-    pub async fn starttls(mut self) -> Result<super::encrypted::JabberClient<'j>> {
-        let mut starttls_element = BytesStart::new("starttls");
-        starttls_element.push_attribute(("xmlns", "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-tls"));
-        self.writer
-            .write_event_async(Event::Empty(starttls_element))
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        let mut buf = Vec::new();
-        match self.reader.read_event_into_async(&mut buf).await.unwrap() {
-            Event::Empty(e) => match e.name() {
-                QName(b"proceed") => {
-                    let connector = TlsConnector::new().unwrap();
-                    let stream = self
-                        .reader
-                        .into_inner()
-                        .into_inner()
-                        .unsplit(self.writer.into_inner());
-                    if let Ok(tlsstream) = tokio_native_tls::TlsConnector::from(connector)
-                        .connect(&self.jabber.server, stream)
-                        .await
-                    {
-                        let (read, write) = tokio::io::split(tlsstream);
-                        let reader = Reader::from_reader(BufReader::new(read));
-                        let writer = Writer::new(write);
-                        let mut client =
-                            super::encrypted::JabberClient::new(reader, writer, self.jabber);
-                        client.start_stream().await?;
-                        return Ok(client);
+        // may or may not send a declaration
+        let buf = Vec::new();
+        let mut first_event = self.reader.read_resolved_event_into_async(&mut buf).await?;
+        match first_event {
+            (quick_xml::name::ResolveResult::Unbound, Event::Decl(e)) => {
+                if let Ok(version) = e.version() {
+                    if version.as_ref() == b"1.0" {
+                        first_event = self.reader.read_resolved_event_into_async(&mut buf).await?
+                    } else {
+                        // todo: error
+                        todo!()
                     }
+                } else {
+                    first_event = self.reader.read_resolved_event_into_async(&mut buf).await?
+                }
+            }
+            _ => (),
+        }
+
+        // receive stream element and validate
+        let stream_response: Stream;
+        match first_event {
+            (quick_xml::name::ResolveResult::Bound(ns), Event::Start(e)) => {
+                if ns.0 == crate::stanza::stream::XMLNS.as_bytes() {
+                    // stream_response = Stream::new(
+                    //     e.try_get_attribute("from")?.try_map(|attribute| {
+                    //         str::from_utf8(attribute.value.as_ref())?
+                    //             .try_into()?
+                    //             .as_ref()
+                    //     })?,
+                    //     e.try_get_attribute("to")?.try_map(|attribute| {
+                    //         str::from_utf8(attribute.value.as_ref())?
+                    //             .try_into()?
+                    //             .as_ref()
+                    //     })?,
+                    //     e.try_get_attribute("id")?.try_map(|attribute| {
+                    //         str::from_utf8(attribute.value.as_ref())?
+                    //             .try_into()?
+                    //             .as_ref()
+                    //     })?,
+                    //     e.try_get_attribute("version")?.try_map(|attribute| {
+                    //         str::from_utf8(attribute.value.as_ref())?
+                    //             .try_into()?
+                    //             .as_ref()
+                    //     })?,
+                    //     e.try_get_attribute("lang")?.try_map(|attribute| {
+                    //         str::from_utf8(attribute.value.as_ref())?
+                    //             .try_into()?
+                    //             .as_ref()
+                    //     })?,
+                    // );
+                    return Ok(());
+                } else {
+                    return Err(JabberError::BadStream);
                 }
-                QName(_) => return Err(JabberError::TlsNegotiation),
-            },
-            _ => return Err(JabberError::TlsNegotiation),
+            }
+            // TODO: errors for incorrect namespace
+            (quick_xml::name::ResolveResult::Unbound, Event::Decl(_)) => todo!(),
+            (quick_xml::name::ResolveResult::Unknown(_), Event::Start(_)) => todo!(),
+            (quick_xml::name::ResolveResult::Unknown(_), Event::End(_)) => todo!(),
+            (quick_xml::name::ResolveResult::Unknown(_), Event::Empty(_)) => todo!(),
+            (quick_xml::name::ResolveResult::Unknown(_), Event::Text(_)) => todo!(),
+            (quick_xml::name::ResolveResult::Unknown(_), Event::CData(_)) => todo!(),
+            (quick_xml::name::ResolveResult::Unknown(_), Event::Comment(_)) => todo!(),
+            (quick_xml::name::ResolveResult::Unknown(_), Event::Decl(_)) => todo!(),
+            (quick_xml::name::ResolveResult::Unknown(_), Event::PI(_)) => todo!(),
+            (quick_xml::name::ResolveResult::Unknown(_), Event::DocType(_)) => todo!(),
+            (quick_xml::name::ResolveResult::Unknown(_), Event::Eof) => todo!(),
+            (quick_xml::name::ResolveResult::Unbound, Event::Start(_)) => todo!(),
+            (quick_xml::name::ResolveResult::Unbound, Event::End(_)) => todo!(),
+            (quick_xml::name::ResolveResult::Unbound, Event::Empty(_)) => todo!(),
+            (quick_xml::name::ResolveResult::Unbound, Event::Text(_)) => todo!(),
+            (quick_xml::name::ResolveResult::Unbound, Event::CData(_)) => todo!(),
+            (quick_xml::name::ResolveResult::Unbound, Event::Comment(_)) => todo!(),
+            (quick_xml::name::ResolveResult::Unbound, Event::PI(_)) => todo!(),
+            (quick_xml::name::ResolveResult::Unbound, Event::DocType(_)) => todo!(),
+            (quick_xml::name::ResolveResult::Unbound, Event::Eof) => todo!(),
+            (quick_xml::name::ResolveResult::Bound(_), Event::End(_)) => todo!(),
+            (quick_xml::name::ResolveResult::Bound(_), Event::Empty(_)) => todo!(),
+            (quick_xml::name::ResolveResult::Bound(_), Event::Text(_)) => todo!(),
+            (quick_xml::name::ResolveResult::Bound(_), Event::CData(_)) => todo!(),
+            (quick_xml::name::ResolveResult::Bound(_), Event::Comment(_)) => todo!(),
+            (quick_xml::name::ResolveResult::Bound(_), Event::Decl(_)) => todo!(),
+            (quick_xml::name::ResolveResult::Bound(_), Event::PI(_)) => todo!(),
+            (quick_xml::name::ResolveResult::Bound(_), Event::DocType(_)) => todo!(),
+            (quick_xml::name::ResolveResult::Bound(_), Event::Eof) => todo!(),
         }
-        Err(JabberError::TlsNegotiation)
     }
+
+    // pub async fn get_features(&mut self) -> Result<Vec<StreamFeature>> {
+    //     Element::read(&mut self.reader).await?.try_into()
+    // }
+
+    // pub async fn starttls(mut self) -> Result<super::encrypted::JabberClient<'j>> {
+    //     let mut starttls_element = BytesStart::new("starttls");
+    //     starttls_element.push_attribute(("xmlns", "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-tls"));
+    //     self.writer
+    //         .write_event_async(Event::Empty(starttls_element))
+    //         .await
+    //         .unwrap();
+    //     let mut buf = Vec::new();
+    //     match self.reader.read_event_into_async(&mut buf).await.unwrap() {
+    //         Event::Empty(e) => match e.name() {
+    //             QName(b"proceed") => {
+    //                 let connector = TlsConnector::new().unwrap();
+    //                 let stream = self
+    //                     .reader
+    //                     .into_inner()
+    //                     .into_inner()
+    //                     .unsplit(self.writer.into_inner());
+    //                 if let Ok(tlsstream) = tokio_native_tls::TlsConnector::from(connector)
+    //                     .connect(&self.jabber.server, stream)
+    //                     .await
+    //                 {
+    //                     let (read, write) = tokio::io::split(tlsstream);
+    //                     let reader = Reader::from_reader(BufReader::new(read));
+    //                     let writer = Writer::new(write);
+    //                     let mut client =
+    //                         super::encrypted::JabberClient::new(reader, writer, self.jabber);
+    //                     client.start_stream().await?;
+    //                     return Ok(client);
+    //                 }
+    //             }
+    //             QName(_) => return Err(JabberError::TlsNegotiation),
+    //         },
+    //         _ => return Err(JabberError::TlsNegotiation),
+    //     }
+    //     Err(JabberError::TlsNegotiation)
+    // }
 }
diff --git a/src/jabber.rs b/src/jabber.rs
index 1a7eddb..d48eb9c 100644
--- a/src/jabber.rs
+++ b/src/jabber.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use std::net::{IpAddr, SocketAddr};
 use std::str::FromStr;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use quick_xml::{Reader, Writer};
+use quick_xml::{NsReader, Writer};
 use rsasl::prelude::SASLConfig;
 use tokio::io::BufReader;
 use tokio::net::TcpStream;
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ pub struct Jabber<'j> {
 }
 
 impl<'j> Jabber<'j> {
-    pub fn new(jid: JID, password: String) -> Result<Self> {
+    pub fn user(jid: JID, password: String) -> Result<Self> {
         let server = jid.domainpart.clone();
         let auth = SASLConfig::with_credentials(None, jid.localpart.clone().unwrap(), password)?;
         println!("auth: {:?}", auth);
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ impl<'j> Jabber<'j> {
 
     pub async fn login(&'j mut self) -> Result<JabberClient<'j>> {
         let mut client = self.connect().await?.ensure_tls().await?;
-        println!("negotiation");
+        client.start_stream().await?;
         client.negotiate().await?;
         Ok(client)
     }
@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@ impl<'j> Jabber<'j> {
         socket_addrs
     }
 
+    /// establishes a connection to the server
     pub async fn connect(&'j mut self) -> Result<JabberClientType> {
         for (socket_addr, is_tls) in self.get_sockets().await {
             println!("trying {}", socket_addr);
@@ -118,21 +119,18 @@ impl<'j> Jabber<'j> {
                         .await
                     {
                         let (read, write) = tokio::io::split(stream);
-                        let reader = Reader::from_reader(BufReader::new(read));
+                        let reader = NsReader::from_reader(BufReader::new(read));
                         let writer = Writer::new(write);
-                        let mut client = client::encrypted::JabberClient::new(reader, writer, self);
-                        client.start_stream().await?;
+                        let client = client::encrypted::JabberClient::new(reader, writer, self);
                         return Ok(JabberClientType::Encrypted(client));
                     }
                 }
                 false => {
                     if let Ok(stream) = TcpStream::connect(socket_addr).await {
                         let (read, write) = tokio::io::split(stream);
-                        let reader = Reader::from_reader(BufReader::new(read));
+                        let reader = NsReader::from_reader(BufReader::new(read));
                         let writer = Writer::new(write);
-                        let mut client =
-                            client::unencrypted::JabberClient::new(reader, writer, self);
-                        client.start_stream().await?;
+                        let client = client::unencrypted::JabberClient::new(reader, writer, self);
                         return Ok(JabberClientType::Unencrypted(client));
                     }
                 }
diff --git a/src/jid/mod.rs b/src/jid.rs
index e13fed7..65738dc 100644
--- a/src/jid/mod.rs
+++ b/src/jid.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 use std::str::FromStr;
 
+use serde::Serialize;
+
 #[derive(PartialEq, Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct JID {
     // TODO: validate localpart (length, char]
@@ -8,6 +10,15 @@ pub struct JID {
     pub resourcepart: Option<String>,
 }
 
+impl Serialize for JID {
+    fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
+    where
+        S: serde::Serializer,
+    {
+        serializer.serialize_str(&self.to_string())
+    }
+}
+
 pub enum JIDError {
     NoResourcePart,
     ParseError(ParseError),
@@ -97,6 +108,14 @@ impl TryFrom<String> for JID {
     }
 }
 
+impl TryFrom<&str> for JID {
+    type Error = ParseError;
+
+    fn try_from(value: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        value.parse()
+    }
+}
+
 impl std::fmt::Display for JID {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
         write!(
diff --git a/src/lib.rs b/src/lib.rs
index 8162ccc..86da83d 100644
--- a/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/lib.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ pub mod jabber;
 pub mod jid;
 pub mod stanza;
 
-pub use client::encrypted::JabberClient;
+// pub use client::encrypted::JabberClient;
 pub use error::JabberError;
 pub use jabber::Jabber;
 pub use jid::JID;
@@ -22,30 +22,9 @@ mod tests {
     use crate::Jabber;
     use crate::JID;
 
-    // #[tokio::test]
-    // async fn get_sockets() {
-    //     let jabber = Jabber::new(JID::from_str("cel@blos.sm").unwrap(), "password".to_owned());
-    //     println!("{:?}", jabber.get_sockets().await)
-    // }
-
-    // #[tokio::test]
-    // async fn connect() {
-    //     Jabber::new(JID::from_str("cel@blos.sm").unwrap(), "password".to_owned())
-    //         .unwrap()
-    //         .connect()
-    //         .await
-    //         .unwrap()
-    //         .ensure_tls()
-    //         .await
-    //         .unwrap()
-    //         .start_stream()
-    //         .await
-    //         .unwrap();
-    // }
-
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn login() {
-        Jabber::new(
+        Jabber::user(
             JID::from_str("test@blos.sm/clown").unwrap(),
             "slayed".to_owned(),
         )
diff --git a/src/stanza/bind.rs b/src/stanza/bind.rs
index 939a716..8b13789 100644
--- a/src/stanza/bind.rs
+++ b/src/stanza/bind.rs
@@ -1,48 +1 @@
-use super::{Element, ElementParseError};
-use crate::{JabberError, JID};
 
-const XMLNS: &str = "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-bind";
-
-pub struct Bind {
-    pub resource: Option<String>,
-    pub jid: Option<JID>,
-}
-
-impl From<Bind> for Element {
-    fn from(bind: Bind) -> Self {
-        let bind_element = Element::new("bind", None, XMLNS);
-        bind_element.push_namespace_declaration((None, XMLNS));
-        if let Some(resource) = bind.resource {
-            let resource_element = Element::new("resource", None, XMLNS);
-            resource_element.push_child(resource);
-            bind_element.push_child(resource_element)
-        }
-        if let Some(jid) = bind.jid {
-            let jid_element = Element::new("jid", None, XMLNS);
-            jid_element.push_child(jid);
-            bind_element.push_child(jid_element)
-        }
-        bind_element
-    }
-}
-
-impl TryFrom<Element> for Bind {
-    type Error = JabberError;
-
-    fn try_from(element: Element) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-        if element.namespace() == XMLNS && element.localname() == "bind" {
-            let (resource, jid);
-            let child: &Element = element.child()?;
-            if child.namespace() == XMLNS {
-                match child.localname() {
-                    "resource" => Bind::new(Some(
-                        child
-                            .text_content()?
-                            .first()
-                            .ok_or(ElementParseError::NoContent)?,
-                    )),
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/stanza/iq.rs b/src/stanza/iq.rs
index 6c7dee3..8b13789 100644
--- a/src/stanza/iq.rs
+++ b/src/stanza/iq.rs
@@ -1,170 +1 @@
-use nanoid::nanoid;
-use quick_xml::{
-    events::{BytesStart, Event},
-    name::QName,
-    Reader, Writer,
-};
 
-use crate::{JabberClient, JabberError, JID};
-
-use crate::Result;
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct IQ {
-    to: Option<JID>,
-    from: Option<JID>,
-    id: String,
-    r#type: IQType,
-    lang: Option<String>,
-    child: Element<'static>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-enum IQType {
-    Get,
-    Set,
-    Result,
-    Error,
-}
-
-impl IQ {
-    pub async fn set<'j, R: IntoElement<'static>>(
-        client: &mut JabberClient<'j>,
-        to: Option<JID>,
-        from: Option<JID>,
-        element: R,
-    ) -> Result<Element<'static>> {
-        let id = nanoid!();
-        let iq = IQ {
-            to,
-            from,
-            id: id.clone(),
-            r#type: IQType::Set,
-            lang: None,
-            child: Element::from(element),
-        };
-        println!("{:?}", iq);
-        let iq = Element::from(iq);
-        println!("{:?}", iq);
-        iq.write(&mut client.writer).await?;
-        let result = Element::read(&mut client.reader).await?;
-        let iq = IQ::try_from(result)?;
-        if iq.id == id {
-            return Ok(iq.child);
-        }
-        Err(JabberError::IDMismatch)
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'e> IntoElement<'e> for IQ {
-    fn event(&self) -> quick_xml::events::Event<'e> {
-        let mut start = BytesStart::new("iq");
-        if let Some(to) = &self.to {
-            start.push_attribute(("to", to.to_string().as_str()));
-        }
-        if let Some(from) = &self.from {
-            start.push_attribute(("from", from.to_string().as_str()));
-        }
-        start.push_attribute(("id", self.id.as_str()));
-        match self.r#type {
-            IQType::Get => start.push_attribute(("type", "get")),
-            IQType::Set => start.push_attribute(("type", "set")),
-            IQType::Result => start.push_attribute(("type", "result")),
-            IQType::Error => start.push_attribute(("type", "error")),
-        }
-        if let Some(lang) = &self.lang {
-            start.push_attribute(("from", lang.to_string().as_str()));
-        }
-
-        quick_xml::events::Event::Start(start)
-    }
-
-    fn children(&self) -> Option<Vec<Element<'e>>> {
-        Some(vec![self.child.clone()])
-    }
-}
-
-impl TryFrom<Element<'static>> for IQ {
-    type Error = JabberError;
-
-    fn try_from(element: Element<'static>) -> std::result::Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-        if let Event::Start(start) = &element.event {
-            if start.name() == QName(b"iq") {
-                let mut to: Option<JID> = None;
-                let mut from: Option<JID> = None;
-                let mut id = None;
-                let mut r#type = None;
-                let mut lang = None;
-                start
-                    .attributes()
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .try_for_each(|attribute| -> Result<()> {
-                        if let Ok(attribute) = attribute {
-                            let buf: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
-                            let reader = Reader::from_reader(buf);
-                            match attribute.key {
-                                QName(b"to") => {
-                                    to = Some(
-                                        attribute
-                                            .decode_and_unescape_value(&reader)
-                                            .or(Err(JabberError::Utf8Decode))?
-                                            .into_owned()
-                                            .try_into()?,
-                                    )
-                                }
-                                QName(b"from") => {
-                                    from = Some(
-                                        attribute
-                                            .decode_and_unescape_value(&reader)
-                                            .or(Err(JabberError::Utf8Decode))?
-                                            .into_owned()
-                                            .try_into()?,
-                                    )
-                                }
-                                QName(b"id") => {
-                                    id = Some(
-                                        attribute
-                                            .decode_and_unescape_value(&reader)
-                                            .or(Err(JabberError::Utf8Decode))?
-                                            .into_owned(),
-                                    )
-                                }
-                                QName(b"type") => {
-                                    let value = attribute
-                                        .decode_and_unescape_value(&reader)
-                                        .or(Err(JabberError::Utf8Decode))?;
-                                    match value.as_ref() {
-                                        "get" => r#type = Some(IQType::Get),
-                                        "set" => r#type = Some(IQType::Set),
-                                        "result" => r#type = Some(IQType::Result),
-                                        "error" => r#type = Some(IQType::Error),
-                                        _ => return Err(JabberError::ParseError),
-                                    }
-                                }
-                                QName(b"lang") => {
-                                    lang = Some(
-                                        attribute
-                                            .decode_and_unescape_value(&reader)
-                                            .or(Err(JabberError::Utf8Decode))?
-                                            .into_owned(),
-                                    )
-                                }
-                                _ => return Err(JabberError::UnknownAttribute),
-                            }
-                        }
-                        Ok(())
-                    })?;
-                let iq = IQ {
-                    to,
-                    from,
-                    id: id.ok_or(JabberError::NoID)?,
-                    r#type: r#type.ok_or(JabberError::NoType)?,
-                    lang,
-                    child: element.child()?.to_owned(),
-                };
-                return Ok(iq);
-            }
-        }
-        Err(JabberError::ParseError)
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/stanza/message.rs b/src/stanza/message.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b13789
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/stanza/message.rs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+
diff --git a/src/stanza/mod.rs b/src/stanza/mod.rs
index 13fc31e..c5a6da3 100644
--- a/src/stanza/mod.rs
+++ b/src/stanza/mod.rs
@@ -1,657 +1,11 @@
-// use quick_xml::events::BytesDecl;
-
 pub mod bind;
 pub mod iq;
+pub mod message;
+pub mod presence;
 pub mod sasl;
+pub mod starttls;
 pub mod stream;
 
-use std::collections::BTreeMap;
-use std::str;
-
-// const DECLARATION: BytesDecl<'_> = BytesDecl::new("1.0", None, None);
-use async_recursion::async_recursion;
-use quick_xml::events::{BytesEnd, BytesStart, BytesText, Event};
-use quick_xml::name::PrefixDeclaration;
-use quick_xml::{Reader, Writer};
-use tokio::io::{AsyncBufRead, AsyncWrite};
-
-use crate::{JabberError, Result};
-
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-/// represents an xml element as a tree of nodes
-pub struct Element {
-    /// element prefix
-    /// e.g. `foo` in `<foo:bar />`.
-    prefix: Option<String>,
-    /// element name
-    /// e.g. `bar` in `<foo:bar />`.
-    localname: String,
-    /// qualifying namespace
-    /// an element must be qualified by a namespace
-    /// e.g. for `<stream:features>` in
-    /// ```
-    /// <stream:stream xmlns='jabber:client' xmlns:stream='http://etherx.jabber.org/streams'>
-    ///     <stream:features>
-    ///         <bind xmlns='urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-bind'/>
-    ///         <compression xmlns='http://jabber.org/features/compress'>
-    ///             <method>zlib</method>
-    ///             <method>lzw</method>
-    ///         </compression>
-    ///     </stream:features>
-    /// </stream:stream>
-    /// ```
-    /// would be `"http://etherx.jabber.org/streams"` but for
-    /// ```
-    /// <stream:stream xmlns='jabber:client' xmlns:stream='http://etherx.jabber.org/streams'>
-    ///     <features>
-    ///         <bind xmlns='urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-bind'/>
-    ///         <compression xmlns='http://jabber.org/features/compress'>
-    ///             <method>zlib</method>
-    ///             <method>lzw</method>
-    ///         </compression>
-    ///     </features>
-    /// </stream:stream>
-    /// ```
-    /// would be `"jabber:client"`
-    namespace: String,
-    /// all namespaces applied to element
-    /// e.g. for `<bind>` in
-    /// ```
-    /// <stream:features xmlns='jabber:client' xmlns:stream='http://etherx.jabber.org/streams'>
-    ///     <bind xmlns='urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-bind'/>
-    ///     <compression xmlns='http://jabber.org/features/compress'>
-    ///         <method>zlib</method>
-    ///         <method>lzw</method>
-    ///     </compression>
-    /// </stream:features>
-    /// ```
-    /// would be `[(None, "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-bind")]` despite
-    /// `(Some("stream"), "http://etherx.jabber.org/streams")` also being available
-    // TODO: maybe not even needed, as can calculate when writing which namespaces need to be declared
-    // but then can't have unused namespace on element, confusing.
-    namespace_declarations: Box<BTreeMap<Option<String>, String>>,
-    /// element attributes
-    attributes: Box<BTreeMap<String, String>>,
-    // children elements namespaces contain their parents' namespaces
-    children: Box<Vec<Node>>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub enum Node {
-    Element(Element),
-    Text(String),
-    Unknown,
-}
-
-impl From<Element> for Node {
-    fn from(element: Element) -> Self {
-        Self::Element(element)
-    }
-}
-
-impl<S: ToString> From<S> for Node {
-    fn from(text: S) -> Self {
-        Self::Text(text.to_string())
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'s> From<&Node> for Vec<Event<'s>> {
-    fn from(node: &Node) -> Self {
-        match node {
-            Node::Element(e) => e.into(),
-            Node::Text(t) => vec![Event::Text(BytesText::new(t))],
-            Unknown => vec![],
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Element {
-    /// returns the fully qualified name
-    /// e.g. `foo:bar` in
-    /// `<foo:bar>`.
-    pub fn name(&self) -> &str {
-        if let Some(prefix) = self.prefix {
-            format!("{}:{}", prefix, self.localname).as_str()
-        } else {
-            &self.localname
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// returns the localname.
-    /// e.g. `bar` in `<foo:bar>`
-    pub fn localname(&self) -> &str {
-        &self.localname
-    }
-
-    /// returns the prefix.
-    /// e.g. `foo` in `<foo:bar>`. returns None if there is
-    /// no prefix.
-    pub fn prefix(&self) -> Option<&str> {
-        self.prefix
-    }
-
-    /// returns the namespace which applies to the current element, e.g. for
-    /// `<element xmlns='foo' xmlns:bar='bar'>`
-    /// it will be `foo` but for
-    /// `<bar:element xmlns='foo' xmlns:bar='bar'>`
-    /// it will be `bar`.
-    pub fn namespace(&self) -> &str {
-        &self.namespace
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'s> From<&Element> for Vec<Event<'s>> {
-    fn from(element: &Element) -> Self {
-        let name = element.name();
-
-        let event = BytesStart::new(name);
-
-        // namespace declarations
-        let namespace_declarations = element.namespace_declarations.iter().map(|declaration| {
-            let (prefix, namespace) = declaration;
-            match prefix {
-                Some(prefix) => return (format!("xmlns:{}", prefix).as_str(), *namespace),
-                None => return ("xmlns", *namespace),
-            }
-        });
-        let event = event.with_attributes(namespace_declarations);
-
-        // attributes
-        let event = event.with_attributes(element.attributes.into_iter());
-
-        match element.children.is_empty() {
-            true => return vec![Event::Empty(event)],
-            false => {
-                return {
-                    let start: Vec<Event<'s>> = vec![Event::Start(event)];
-                    let start_and_content: Vec<Event<'s>> = start
-                        .into_iter()
-                        .chain({
-                            let u = element.children.iter().fold(
-                                Vec::new(),
-                                |acc: Vec<Event<'s>>, child: &Node<'s>| {
-                                    acc.into_iter()
-                                        .chain(Into::<Vec<Event<'s>>>::into(child).into_iter())
-                                        .collect()
-                                },
-                            );
-                            u
-                        })
-                        .collect();
-                    let full: Vec<Event<'s>> = start_and_content
-                        .into_iter()
-                        .chain(vec![Event::End(BytesEnd::new(name))])
-                        .collect();
-                    full
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Element {
-    /// if there is only one child in the vec of children, will return that element
-    pub fn child(&self) -> Result<&Node> {
-        if self.children.len() == 1 {
-            Ok(&self.children[0])
-        } else if self.children.len() > 1 {
-            Err(ElementError::MultipleChildren.into())
-        } else {
-            Err(ElementError::NoChildren.into())
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// returns reference to children
-    pub fn children(&self) -> Result<&Vec<Node>> {
-        if !self.children.is_empty() {
-            Ok(&self.children)
-        } else {
-            Err(ElementError::NoChildren.into())
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// returns text content, error if there is none
-    pub fn text_content(&self) -> Result<Vec<&str>> {
-        let mut text = Vec::new();
-        for node in *self.children {
-            match node {
-                Node::Text(t) => text.push(t),
-                _ => {}
-            }
-        }
-        if text.is_empty() {
-            return Err(ElementError::NotText.into());
-        }
-        Ok(text)
-    }
-
-    /// returns whether or not the element is qualified by a namespace, either declared
-    /// by a parent, or itself.
-    fn namespace_qualified<S: AsRef<str>>(
-        &self,
-        namespace_context: &BTreeMap<Option<S>, S>,
-    ) -> bool {
-        // create a new local_namespaces combining that in the context and those declared within the element
-        let mut local_namespaces = *namespace_context.clone();
-        self.namespace_declarations.iter().for_each(|prefix, declaration| local_namespaces.insert(prefix, declaration));
-
-        if let Some(namespace) = local_namespaces.get(self.prefix) {
-            if namespace != self.namespace {
-                return false;
-            }
-        } else {
-            return false;
-        };
-
-        for child in *self.children {
-            if child.namespace_qualified(&local_namespaces) == false {
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-
-        true
-    }
-
-
-    /// writes an element to a writer. the element's namespace must be qualified by the
-    /// context given in `local_namespaces` or the element's internal namespace declarations
-    pub async fn write<S: AsRef<str>, W: AsyncWrite + Unpin + Send>(
-        &self,
-        writer: &mut Writer<W>,
-        local_namespaces: &BTreeMap<Option<S>, S>,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        // TODO: instead of having a check if namespace qualified function, have the namespace declarations be added if needed given the context when converting from `Element` to `Event`s
-        if self.namespace_qualified(local_namespaces) {
-            let events: Vec<Event> = self.into();
-            for event in events {
-                writer.write_event_async(event).await?
-            }
-            Ok(())
-        } else {
-            Err(ElementError::NamespaceNotQualified.into())
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub async fn write_start<S: AsRef<str>, W: AsyncWrite + Unpin + Send>(
-        &self,
-        writer: &mut Writer<W>,
-        local_namespaces: &BTreeMap<Option<S>, S>,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        if self.namespace_qualified(local_namespaces) {
-            let mut event = BytesStart::new(self.name());
-
-            // namespace declarations
-            self.namespace_declarations.iter().for_each(|declaration| {
-                let (prefix, namespace) = declaration;
-                match prefix {
-                    Some(prefix) => {
-                        event.push_attribute((format!("xmlns:{}", prefix).as_str(), *namespace))
-                    }
-                    None => event.push_attribute(("xmlns", *namespace)),
-                }
-            });
-
-            // attributes
-            let event =
-                event.with_attributes(self.attributes.iter().map(|(attr, value)| (*attr, *value)));
-
-            writer.write_event_async(Event::Start(event)).await?;
-
-            Ok(())
-        } else {
-            Err(ElementError::NamespaceNotQualified.into())
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub async fn write_end<W: AsyncWrite + Unpin + Send>(
-        &self,
-        writer: &mut Writer<W>,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        let event = BytesEnd::new(self.name());
-        writer.write_event_async(Event::End(event)).await?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    #[async_recursion]
-    pub async fn read<S: AsRef<str>, R: AsyncBufRead + Unpin + Send>(
-        reader: &mut Reader<R>,
-        local_namespaces: &BTreeMap<Option<S>, S>,
-    ) -> Result<Self> {
-        let node = Node::read_recursive(reader, local_namespaces)
-            .await?
-            .ok_or(JabberError::UnexpectedEnd)?;
-        match node {
-            Node::Element(e) => Ok(e),
-            Node::Text(_) => Err(JabberError::UnexpectedText),
-            Node::Unknown => Err(JabberError::UnexpectedElement),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub async fn read_start<S: AsRef<str>, R: AsyncBufRead + Unpin + Send>(
-        reader: &mut Reader<R>,
-        local_namespaces: &BTreeMap<Option<S>, S>,
-    ) -> Result<Element> {
-        let buf = Vec::new();
-        let event = reader.read_event_into_async(&mut buf).await?;
-        match event {
-            Event::Start(e) => {
-                let prefix = e.name().prefix().map(|prefix| prefix.into_inner());
-                let converted_prefix;
-                if let Some(raw_prefix) = prefix {
-                    converted_prefix = Some(str::from_utf8(raw_prefix)?)
-                }
-                let prefix = converted_prefix;
-
-                let localname = str::from_utf8(e.local_name().into_inner())?.to_owned();
-
-                let mut local_namespaces = local_namespaces.clone();
-                let mut namespace_declarations = BTreeMap::new();
-                let attributes = BTreeMap::new();
-
-                for attribute in e.attributes() {
-                    let attribute = attribute?;
-                    if let Some(prefix_declaration) = attribute.key.as_namespace_binding() {
-                        match prefix_declaration {
-                            PrefixDeclaration::Default => {
-                                let value = str::from_utf8(attribute.value.as_ref())?;
-                                if let Some(_) = namespace_declarations.insert(None, value) {
-                                    return Err(ElementParseError::DuplicateAttribute.into());
-                                };
-                                local_namespaces.insert(None, value);
-                            }
-                            PrefixDeclaration::Named(prefix) => {
-                                let key = str::from_utf8(prefix)?;
-                                let value = str::from_utf8(attribute.value.as_ref())?;
-                                if let Some(_) = namespace_declarations.insert(Some(key), value) {
-                                    return Err(ElementParseError::DuplicateAttribute.into());
-                                };
-                                local_namespaces.insert(Some(key), value);
-                            }
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        if let Some(_) = attributes.insert(
-                            str::from_utf8(attribute.key.into_inner())?,
-                            str::from_utf8(attribute.value.as_ref())?,
-                        ) {
-                            return Err(ElementParseError::DuplicateAttribute.into());
-                        };
-                    }
-                }
-
-                let namespace = *local_namespaces
-                    .get(&prefix)
-                    .ok_or(ElementParseError::NoNamespace)?;
-
-                let mut children = Vec::new();
-
-                Ok(Self {
-                    prefix,
-                    localname,
-                    namespace,
-                    namespace_declarations: Box::new(namespace_declarations),
-                    attributes: Box::new(attributes),
-                    children: Box::new(children),
-                })
-            }
-            e => Err(ElementError::NotAStart(e).into()),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Node {
-    #[async_recursion]
-    async fn read_recursive<S: AsRef<str>, R: AsyncBufRead + Unpin + Send>(
-        reader: &mut Reader<R>,
-        local_namespaces: &BTreeMap<Option<S>, S>,
-    ) -> Result<Option<Node>> {
-        let mut buf = Vec::new();
-        let event = reader.read_event_into_async(&mut buf).await?;
-        match event {
-            Event::Empty(e) => {
-                let prefix = e.name().prefix().map(|prefix| prefix.into_inner());
-                let converted_prefix;
-                if let Some(raw_prefix) = prefix {
-                    converted_prefix = Some(str::from_utf8(raw_prefix)?)
-                }
-                let prefix = converted_prefix;
-
-                let localname = str::from_utf8(e.local_name().into_inner())?.to_owned();
-
-                let mut local_namespaces = local_namespaces.clone();
-                let mut namespace_declarations = BTreeMap::new();
-                let attributes = BTreeMap::new();
-
-                for attribute in e.attributes() {
-                    let attribute = attribute?;
-                    if let Some(prefix_declaration) = attribute.key.as_namespace_binding() {
-                        match prefix_declaration {
-                            PrefixDeclaration::Default => {
-                                let value = str::from_utf8(attribute.value.as_ref())?;
-                                if let Some(_) = namespace_declarations.insert(None, value) {
-                                    return Err(ElementParseError::DuplicateAttribute.into());
-                                };
-                                local_namespaces.insert(None, value);
-                            }
-                            PrefixDeclaration::Named(prefix) => {
-                                let key = str::from_utf8(prefix)?;
-                                let value = str::from_utf8(attribute.value.as_ref())?;
-                                if let Some(_) = namespace_declarations.insert(Some(key), value) {
-                                    return Err(ElementParseError::DuplicateAttribute.into());
-                                };
-                                local_namespaces.insert(Some(key), value);
-                            }
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        if let Some(_) = attributes.insert(
-                            str::from_utf8(attribute.key.into_inner())?,
-                            str::from_utf8(attribute.value.as_ref())?,
-                        ) {
-                            return Err(ElementParseError::DuplicateAttribute.into());
-                        };
-                    }
-                }
-
-                let namespace = *local_namespaces
-                    .get(&prefix)
-                    .ok_or(ElementParseError::NoNamespace)?;
-
-                let mut children = Vec::new();
-
-                Ok(Some(Self::Element(Element {
-                    prefix,
-                    localname,
-                    namespace,
-                    namespace_declarations: Box::new(namespace_declarations),
-                    attributes: Box::new(attributes),
-                    children: Box::new(children),
-                })))
-            }
-            Event::Start(e) => {
-                let prefix = e.name().prefix().map(|prefix| prefix.into_inner());
-                let converted_prefix;
-                if let Some(raw_prefix) = prefix {
-                    converted_prefix = Some(str::from_utf8(raw_prefix)?)
-                }
-                let prefix = converted_prefix;
-
-                let localname = str::from_utf8(e.local_name().into_inner())?.to_owned();
-
-                let mut local_namespaces = local_namespaces.clone();
-                let mut namespace_declarations = BTreeMap::new();
-                let attributes = BTreeMap::new();
-
-                for attribute in e.attributes() {
-                    let attribute = attribute?;
-                    if let Some(prefix_declaration) = attribute.key.as_namespace_binding() {
-                        match prefix_declaration {
-                            PrefixDeclaration::Default => {
-                                let value = str::from_utf8(attribute.value.as_ref())?;
-                                if let Some(_) = namespace_declarations.insert(None, value) {
-                                    return Err(ElementParseError::DuplicateAttribute.into());
-                                };
-                                local_namespaces.insert(None, value);
-                            }
-                            PrefixDeclaration::Named(prefix) => {
-                                let key = str::from_utf8(prefix)?;
-                                let value = str::from_utf8(attribute.value.as_ref())?;
-                                if let Some(_) = namespace_declarations.insert(Some(key), value) {
-                                    return Err(ElementParseError::DuplicateAttribute.into());
-                                };
-                                local_namespaces.insert(Some(key), value);
-                            }
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        if let Some(_) = attributes.insert(
-                            str::from_utf8(attribute.key.into_inner())?,
-                            str::from_utf8(attribute.value.as_ref())?,
-                        ) {
-                            return Err(ElementParseError::DuplicateAttribute.into());
-                        };
-                    }
-                }
-
-                let namespace = *local_namespaces
-                    .get(&prefix)
-                    .ok_or(ElementParseError::NoNamespace)?;
-
-                let mut children = Vec::new();
-                while let Some(child_node) = Node::read_recursive(reader, &local_namespaces).await?
-                {
-                    children.push(child_node)
-                }
-
-                let mut children = Vec::new();
-
-                Ok(Some(Self::Element(Element {
-                    prefix,
-                    localname,
-                    namespace,
-                    namespace_declarations: Box::new(namespace_declarations),
-                    attributes: Box::new(attributes),
-                    children: Box::new(children),
-                })))
-            }
-            Event::End(_) => Ok(None),
-            Event::Text(e) => Ok(Some(Self::Text(e.unescape()?.as_ref().to_string()))),
-            e => Ok(Some(Self::Unknown)),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn namespace_qualified<S: AsRef<str>>(
-        &self,
-        namespace_context: &BTreeMap<Option<S>, S>,
-    ) -> bool {
-        match self {
-            Self::Element(e) => e.namespace_qualified(namespace_context),
-            _ => true,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-pub enum NodeBuilder {
-    Text(String),
-    Element(ElementBuilder),
-}
-
-pub struct ElementBuilder {
-    localname: String,
-    prefix: Option<String>,
-    namespace: String,
-    namespace_declarations: BTreeMap<Option<String>, String>,
-    attributes: BTreeMap<String, String>,
-    children: Vec<NodeBuilder>,
-}
-
-impl ElementBuilder {
-    pub fn new<S: ToString>(localname: S, prefix: Option<S>, namespace: S) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            prefix,
-            localname,
-            namespace,
-            namespace_declarations: Box::new(BTreeMap::new()),
-            attributes: Box::new(BTreeMap::new()),
-            children: Box::new(Vec::new()),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn push_namespace_declaration<S: ToString>(
-        &mut self,
-        (prefix, namespace): (Option<S>, S),
-    ) -> Option<S> {
-        self.namespace_declarations.insert(prefix, namespace)
-    }
-
-    pub fn push_attribute<S: ToString>(&mut self, (key, value): (S, S)) -> Option<S> {
-        self.attributes.insert(key, value)
-    }
-
-    pub fn push_child(&mut self, child: Node) {
-        self.children.push(child)
-    }
-
-    /// checks if there is a namespace conflict within the element being built
-    pub fn namespace_conflict<S: AsRef<str>>(
-        &self
-    ) -> bool {
-        self.namespace_conflict_recursive(&BTreeMap::new())
-    }
-
-    fn namespace_conflict_recursive<S: AsRef<str>>(
-        &self,
-        parent_namespaces: &BTreeMap<Option<S>, S>,
-    ) -> bool {
-        // create a new local_namespaces combining that in the context and those declared within the element
-        let mut local_namespaces = *parent_namespaces.clone();
-        self.namespace_declarations.iter().for_each(|prefix, declaration| local_namespaces.insert(prefix, declaration));
-
-        if let Some(namespace) = local_namespaces.get(self.prefix) {
-            if namespace != self.namespace {
-                return false;
-            }
-        } else {
-            return false;
-        };
-
-        for child in *self.children {
-            if child.namespace_conflict(&local_namespaces) == false {
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-
-        true
-    }
-
-    // check for possible conflicts in namespace
-    pub fn build(self) -> Result<Element> {
-        for child in self.children {
-            match child {
-                Node::Element(e) => {
-                    if !e.namespace_conflict()
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        Element {
-            prefix: self.prefix,
-            localname: self.localname,
-            namespace: self.namespace,
-            namespace_declarations: self.namespace_declarations,
-            attributes: self.attributes,
-            children: self.children,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub enum ElementError<'e> {
-    NotAStart(Event<'e>),
-    NotText,
-    NoChildren,
-    NamespaceNotQualified,
-    MultipleChildren,
-}
+use quick_xml::events::{BytesDecl, Event};
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub enum ElementParseError {
-    DuplicateAttribute,
-    NoNamespace,
-}
+pub static DECLARATION: Event = Event::Decl(BytesDecl::new("1.0", None, None));
diff --git a/src/stanza/presence.rs b/src/stanza/presence.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b13789
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/stanza/presence.rs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+
diff --git a/src/stanza/sasl.rs b/src/stanza/sasl.rs
index 20cd063..8b13789 100644
--- a/src/stanza/sasl.rs
+++ b/src/stanza/sasl.rs
@@ -1,145 +1 @@
-use quick_xml::{
-    events::{BytesStart, BytesText, Event},
-    name::QName,
-};
 
-use crate::error::SASLError;
-use crate::JabberError;
-
-use super::Element;
-
-const XMLNS: &str = "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-sasl";
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct Auth<'e> {
-    pub mechanism: &'e str,
-    pub sasl_data: &'e str,
-}
-
-impl<'e> IntoElement<'e> for Auth<'e> {
-    fn event(&self) -> Event<'e> {
-        let mut start = BytesStart::new("auth");
-        start.push_attribute(("xmlns", XMLNS));
-        start.push_attribute(("mechanism", self.mechanism));
-        Event::Start(start)
-    }
-
-    fn children(&self) -> Option<Vec<Element<'e>>> {
-        let sasl = BytesText::from_escaped(self.sasl_data);
-        let sasl = Element {
-            event: Event::Text(sasl),
-            children: None,
-        };
-        Some(vec![sasl])
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct Challenge {
-    pub sasl_data: Vec<u8>,
-}
-
-impl<'e> TryFrom<&Element<'e>> for Challenge {
-    type Error = JabberError;
-
-    fn try_from(element: &Element<'e>) -> Result<Challenge, Self::Error> {
-        if let Event::Start(start) = &element.event {
-            if start.name() == QName(b"challenge") {
-                let sasl_data: &Element<'_> = element.child()?;
-                if let Event::Text(sasl_data) = &sasl_data.event {
-                    let s = sasl_data.clone();
-                    let s = s.into_inner();
-                    let s = s.to_vec();
-                    return Ok(Challenge { sasl_data: s });
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        Err(SASLError::NoChallenge.into())
-    }
-}
-
-// impl<'e> TryFrom<Element<'e>> for Challenge {
-//     type Error = JabberError;
-
-//     fn try_from(element: Element<'e>) -> Result<Challenge, Self::Error> {
-//         if let Event::Start(start) = &element.event {
-//             if start.name() == QName(b"challenge") {
-//                 println!("one");
-//                 if let Some(children) = element.children.as_deref() {
-//                     if children.len() == 1 {
-//                         let sasl_data = children.first().unwrap();
-//                         if let Event::Text(sasl_data) = &sasl_data.event {
-//                             return Ok(Challenge {
-//                                 sasl_data: sasl_data.clone().into_inner().to_vec(),
-//                             });
-//                         } else {
-//                             return Err(SASLError::NoChallenge.into());
-//                         }
-//                     } else {
-//                         return Err(SASLError::NoChallenge.into());
-//                     }
-//                 } else {
-//                     return Err(SASLError::NoChallenge.into());
-//                 }
-//             }
-//         }
-//         Err(SASLError::NoChallenge.into())
-//     }
-// }
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct Response<'e> {
-    pub sasl_data: &'e str,
-}
-
-impl<'e> IntoElement<'e> for Response<'e> {
-    fn event(&self) -> Event<'e> {
-        let mut start = BytesStart::new("response");
-        start.push_attribute(("xmlns", XMLNS));
-        Event::Start(start)
-    }
-
-    fn children(&self) -> Option<Vec<Element<'e>>> {
-        let sasl = BytesText::from_escaped(self.sasl_data);
-        let sasl = Element {
-            event: Event::Text(sasl),
-            children: None,
-        };
-        Some(vec![sasl])
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct Success {
-    pub sasl_data: Option<Vec<u8>>,
-}
-
-impl<'e> TryFrom<&Element<'e>> for Success {
-    type Error = JabberError;
-
-    fn try_from(element: &Element<'e>) -> Result<Success, Self::Error> {
-        match &element.event {
-            Event::Start(start) => {
-                if start.name() == QName(b"success") {
-                    match element.child() {
-                        Ok(sasl_data) => {
-                            if let Event::Text(sasl_data) = &sasl_data.event {
-                                return Ok(Success {
-                                    sasl_data: Some(sasl_data.clone().into_inner().to_vec()),
-                                });
-                            }
-                        }
-                        Err(_) => return Ok(Success { sasl_data: None }),
-                    };
-                }
-            }
-            Event::Empty(empty) => {
-                if empty.name() == QName(b"success") {
-                    return Ok(Success { sasl_data: None });
-                }
-            }
-            _ => {}
-        }
-        Err(SASLError::NoSuccess.into())
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/stanza/starttls.rs b/src/stanza/starttls.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b13789
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/stanza/starttls.rs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+
diff --git a/src/stanza/stream.rs b/src/stanza/stream.rs
index f85166f..07f7e6e 100644
--- a/src/stanza/stream.rs
+++ b/src/stanza/stream.rs
@@ -1,190 +1,60 @@
-use std::str;
-
-use quick_xml::{
-    events::{BytesStart, Event},
-    name::QName,
-};
-
-use super::Element;
-use crate::{JabberError, Result, JID};
-
-const XMLNS_STREAM: &str = "http://etherx.jabber.org/streams";
-const VERSION: &str = "1.0";
-
-enum XMLNS {
-    Client,
-    Server,
-}
-
-impl From<XMLNS> for &str {
-    fn from(xmlns: XMLNS) -> Self {
-        match xmlns {
-            XMLNS::Client => return "jabber:client",
-            XMLNS::Server => return "jabber:server",
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl TryInto<XMLNS> for &str {
-    type Error = JabberError;
-
-    fn try_into(self) -> Result<XMLNS> {
-        match self {
-            "jabber:client" => Ok(XMLNS::Client),
-            "jabber:server" => Ok(XMLNS::Server),
-            _ => Err(JabberError::UnknownNamespace),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct Stream {
-    from: Option<JID>,
-    id: Option<String>,
-    to: Option<JID>,
-    version: Option<String>,
-    lang: Option<String>,
-    ns: XMLNS,
+use serde::Serialize;
+
+use crate::JID;
+
+pub static XMLNS: &str = "http://etherx.jabber.org/streams";
+pub static XMLNS_CLIENT: &str = "jabber:client";
+
+// MUST be qualified by stream namespace
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+pub struct Stream<'s> {
+    #[serde(rename = "@from")]
+    from: Option<&'s JID>,
+    #[serde(rename = "@to")]
+    to: Option<&'s JID>,
+    #[serde(rename = "@id")]
+    id: Option<&'s str>,
+    #[serde(rename = "@version")]
+    version: Option<&'s str>,
+    // TODO: lang enum
+    #[serde(rename = "@lang")]
+    lang: Option<&'s str>,
+    #[serde(rename = "@xmlns")]
+    xmlns: &'s str,
+    #[serde(rename = "@xmlns:stream")]
+    xmlns_stream: &'s str,
 }
 
 impl Stream {
-    pub fn new_client(from: &JID, to: &JID, id: Option<String>, lang: Option<String>) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(
+        from: Option<&JID>,
+        to: Option<&JID>,
+        id: Option<&str>,
+        version: Option<&str>,
+        lang: Option<&str>,
+    ) -> Self {
         Self {
-            from: Some(from.clone()),
+            from,
+            to,
             id,
-            to: Some(to.clone()),
-            version: Some(VERSION.to_owned()),
+            version,
             lang,
-            ns: XMLNS::Client,
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn event(&self) -> Event<'static> {
-        let mut start = BytesStart::new("stream:stream");
-        if let Some(from) = &self.from {
-            start.push_attribute(("from", from.to_string().as_str()));
-        }
-        if let Some(id) = &self.id {
-            start.push_attribute(("id", id.as_str()));
-        }
-        if let Some(to) = &self.to {
-            start.push_attribute(("to", to.to_string().as_str()));
-        }
-        if let Some(version) = &self.version {
-            start.push_attribute(("version", version.to_string().as_str()));
-        }
-        if let Some(lang) = &self.lang {
-            start.push_attribute(("xml:lang", lang.as_str()));
-        }
-        match &self.ns {
-            XMLNS::Client => start.push_attribute(("xmlns", XMLNS::Client.into())),
-            XMLNS::Server => start.push_attribute(("xmlns", XMLNS::Server.into())),
-        }
-        start.push_attribute(("xmlns:stream", XMLNS_STREAM));
-        Event::Start(start)
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'e> Into<Element<'e>> for Stream {
-    fn into(self) -> Element<'e> {
-        Element {
-            event: self.event(),
-            children: None,
+            xmlns: XMLNS_CLIENT,
+            xmlns_stream: XMLNS,
         }
     }
-}
-
-impl<'e> TryFrom<Element<'e>> for Stream {
-    type Error = JabberError;
 
-    fn try_from(value: Element<'e>) -> Result<Stream> {
-        let (mut from, mut id, mut to, mut version, mut lang, mut ns) =
-            (None, None, None, None, None, XMLNS::Client);
-        if let Event::Start(e) = value.event.as_ref() {
-            for attribute in e.attributes() {
-                let attribute = attribute?;
-                match attribute.key {
-                    QName(b"from") => {
-                        from = Some(str::from_utf8(&attribute.value)?.to_string().try_into()?);
-                    }
-                    QName(b"id") => {
-                        id = Some(str::from_utf8(&attribute.value)?.to_owned());
-                    }
-                    QName(b"to") => {
-                        to = Some(str::from_utf8(&attribute.value)?.to_string().try_into()?);
-                    }
-                    QName(b"version") => {
-                        version = Some(str::from_utf8(&attribute.value)?.to_owned());
-                    }
-                    QName(b"lang") => {
-                        lang = Some(str::from_utf8(&attribute.value)?.to_owned());
-                    }
-                    QName(b"xmlns") => {
-                        ns = str::from_utf8(&attribute.value)?.try_into()?;
-                    }
-                    _ => {
-                        println!("unknown attribute: {:?}", attribute)
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            Ok(Stream {
-                from,
-                id,
-                to,
-                version,
-                lang,
-                ns,
-            })
-        } else {
-            Err(JabberError::ParseError)
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
-pub enum StreamFeature {
-    StartTls,
-    Sasl(Vec<String>),
-    Bind,
-    Unknown,
-}
-
-impl<'e> TryFrom<Element<'e>> for Vec<StreamFeature> {
-    type Error = JabberError;
-
-    fn try_from(features_element: Element) -> Result<Self> {
-        let mut features = Vec::new();
-        if let Some(children) = features_element.children {
-            for feature_element in children {
-                match feature_element.event {
-                    Event::Start(e) => match e.name() {
-                        QName(b"starttls") => features.push(StreamFeature::StartTls),
-                        QName(b"mechanisms") => {
-                            let mut mechanisms = Vec::new();
-                            if let Some(children) = feature_element.children {
-                                for mechanism_element in children {
-                                    if let Some(children) = mechanism_element.children {
-                                        for mechanism_text in children {
-                                            match mechanism_text.event {
-                                                Event::Text(e) => mechanisms
-                                                    .push(str::from_utf8(e.as_ref())?.to_owned()),
-                                                _ => {}
-                                            }
-                                        }
-                                    }
-                                }
-                            }
-                            features.push(StreamFeature::Sasl(mechanisms))
-                        }
-                        _ => features.push(StreamFeature::Unknown),
-                    },
-                    Event::Empty(e) => match e.name() {
-                        QName(b"bind") => features.push(StreamFeature::Bind),
-                        _ => features.push(StreamFeature::Unknown),
-                    },
-                    _ => features.push(StreamFeature::Unknown),
-                }
-            }
+    /// For initial stream headers, the initiating entity SHOULD include the 'xml:lang' attribute.
+    /// For privacy, it is better to not set `from` when sending a client stanza over an unencrypted connection.
+    pub fn new_client(from: Option<&JID>, to: &JID, id: Option<&str>, lang: &str) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            from,
+            to: Some(to),
+            id,
+            version: Some("1.0"),
+            lang: Some(lang),
+            xmlns: XMLNS_CLIENT,
+            xmlns_stream: XMLNS,
         }
-        Ok(features)
     }
 }