Merge branch 'master' into feat/text-macro

8 files changed, 412 insertions, 275 deletions

diff --git a/wgpu/src/image/atlas.rs b/wgpu/src/image/atlas.rs
index ea36e06d..a1ec0d7b 100644
--- a/wgpu/src/image/atlas.rs
+++ b/wgpu/src/image/atlas.rs
@@ -15,15 +15,23 @@ pub const SIZE: u32 = 2048;
 use crate::core::Size;
 use crate::graphics::color;
 
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct Atlas {
     texture: wgpu::Texture,
     texture_view: wgpu::TextureView,
+    texture_bind_group: wgpu::BindGroup,
+    texture_layout: Arc<wgpu::BindGroupLayout>,
     layers: Vec<Layer>,
 }
 
 impl Atlas {
-    pub fn new(device: &wgpu::Device, backend: wgpu::Backend) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(
+        device: &wgpu::Device,
+        backend: wgpu::Backend,
+        texture_layout: Arc<wgpu::BindGroupLayout>,
+    ) -> Self {
         let layers = match backend {
             // On the GL backend we start with 2 layers, to help wgpu figure
             // out that this texture is `GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY` rather than `GL_TEXTURE_2D`
@@ -60,15 +68,27 @@ impl Atlas {
             ..Default::default()
         });
 
+        let texture_bind_group =
+            device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
+                label: Some("iced_wgpu::image texture atlas bind group"),
+                layout: &texture_layout,
+                entries: &[wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                    binding: 0,
+                    resource: wgpu::BindingResource::TextureView(&texture_view),
+                }],
+            });
+
         Atlas {
             texture,
             texture_view,
+            texture_bind_group,
+            texture_layout,
             layers,
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn view(&self) -> &wgpu::TextureView {
-        &self.texture_view
+    pub fn bind_group(&self) -> &wgpu::BindGroup {
+        &self.texture_bind_group
     }
 
     pub fn layer_count(&self) -> usize {
@@ -94,7 +114,7 @@ impl Atlas {
             entry
         };
 
-        log::info!("Allocated atlas entry: {entry:?}");
+        log::debug!("Allocated atlas entry: {entry:?}");
 
         // It is a webgpu requirement that:
         //   BufferCopyView.layout.bytes_per_row % wgpu::COPY_BYTES_PER_ROW_ALIGNMENT == 0
@@ -147,13 +167,20 @@ impl Atlas {
             }
         }
 
-        log::info!("Current atlas: {self:?}");
+        if log::log_enabled!(log::Level::Debug) {
+            log::debug!(
+                "Atlas layers: {} (busy: {}, allocations: {})",
+                self.layer_count(),
+                self.layers.iter().filter(|layer| !layer.is_empty()).count(),
+                self.layers.iter().map(Layer::allocations).sum::<usize>(),
+            );
+        }
 
         Some(entry)
     }
 
     pub fn remove(&mut self, entry: &Entry) {
-        log::info!("Removing atlas entry: {entry:?}");
+        log::debug!("Removing atlas entry: {entry:?}");
 
         match entry {
             Entry::Contiguous(allocation) => {
@@ -266,7 +293,7 @@ impl Atlas {
     }
 
     fn deallocate(&mut self, allocation: &Allocation) {
-        log::info!("Deallocating atlas: {allocation:?}");
+        log::debug!("Deallocating atlas: {allocation:?}");
 
         match allocation {
             Allocation::Full { layer } => {
@@ -414,5 +441,17 @@ impl Atlas {
                 dimension: Some(wgpu::TextureViewDimension::D2Array),
                 ..Default::default()
             });
+
+        self.texture_bind_group =
+            device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
+                label: Some("iced_wgpu::image texture atlas bind group"),
+                layout: &self.texture_layout,
+                entries: &[wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                    binding: 0,
+                    resource: wgpu::BindingResource::TextureView(
+                        &self.texture_view,
+                    ),
+                }],
+            });
     }
 }
diff --git a/wgpu/src/image/atlas/allocator.rs b/wgpu/src/image/atlas/allocator.rs
index 204a5c26..a51ac1f5 100644
--- a/wgpu/src/image/atlas/allocator.rs
+++ b/wgpu/src/image/atlas/allocator.rs
@@ -33,6 +33,10 @@ impl Allocator {
     pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
         self.allocations == 0
     }
+
+    pub fn allocations(&self) -> usize {
+        self.allocations
+    }
 }
 
 pub struct Region {
diff --git a/wgpu/src/image/atlas/layer.rs b/wgpu/src/image/atlas/layer.rs
index cf089601..fd6788d9 100644
--- a/wgpu/src/image/atlas/layer.rs
+++ b/wgpu/src/image/atlas/layer.rs
@@ -11,4 +11,12 @@ impl Layer {
     pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
         matches!(self, Layer::Empty)
     }
+
+    pub fn allocations(&self) -> usize {
+        match self {
+            Layer::Empty => 0,
+            Layer::Busy(allocator) => allocator.allocations(),
+            Layer::Full => 1,
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/wgpu/src/image/cache.rs b/wgpu/src/image/cache.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..94f7071d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wgpu/src/image/cache.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+use crate::core::{self, Size};
+use crate::image::atlas::{self, Atlas};
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Cache {
+    atlas: Atlas,
+    #[cfg(feature = "image")]
+    raster: crate::image::raster::Cache,
+    #[cfg(feature = "svg")]
+    vector: crate::image::vector::Cache,
+}
+
+impl Cache {
+    pub fn new(
+        device: &wgpu::Device,
+        backend: wgpu::Backend,
+        layout: Arc<wgpu::BindGroupLayout>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            atlas: Atlas::new(device, backend, layout),
+            #[cfg(feature = "image")]
+            raster: crate::image::raster::Cache::default(),
+            #[cfg(feature = "svg")]
+            vector: crate::image::vector::Cache::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn bind_group(&self) -> &wgpu::BindGroup {
+        self.atlas.bind_group()
+    }
+
+    pub fn layer_count(&self) -> usize {
+        self.atlas.layer_count()
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "image")]
+    pub fn measure_image(&mut self, handle: &core::image::Handle) -> Size<u32> {
+        self.raster.load(handle).dimensions()
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "svg")]
+    pub fn measure_svg(&mut self, handle: &core::svg::Handle) -> Size<u32> {
+        self.vector.load(handle).viewport_dimensions()
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "image")]
+    pub fn upload_raster(
+        &mut self,
+        device: &wgpu::Device,
+        encoder: &mut wgpu::CommandEncoder,
+        handle: &core::image::Handle,
+    ) -> Option<&atlas::Entry> {
+        self.raster.upload(device, encoder, handle, &mut self.atlas)
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "svg")]
+    pub fn upload_vector(
+        &mut self,
+        device: &wgpu::Device,
+        encoder: &mut wgpu::CommandEncoder,
+        handle: &core::svg::Handle,
+        color: Option<core::Color>,
+        size: [f32; 2],
+        scale: f32,
+    ) -> Option<&atlas::Entry> {
+        self.vector.upload(
+            device,
+            encoder,
+            handle,
+            color,
+            size,
+            scale,
+            &mut self.atlas,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn trim(&mut self) {
+        #[cfg(feature = "image")]
+        self.raster.trim(&mut self.atlas);
+
+        #[cfg(feature = "svg")]
+        self.vector.trim(&mut self.atlas);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/wgpu/src/image.rs b/wgpu/src/image/mod.rs
index c8e4a4c2..daa2fe16 100644
--- a/wgpu/src/image.rs
+++ b/wgpu/src/image/mod.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+pub(crate) mod cache;
+pub(crate) use cache::Cache;
+
 mod atlas;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "image")]
@@ -6,175 +9,30 @@ mod raster;
 #[cfg(feature = "svg")]
 mod vector;
 
-use atlas::Atlas;
-
 use crate::core::{Rectangle, Size, Transformation};
-use crate::layer;
 use crate::Buffer;
 
-use std::cell::RefCell;
-use std::mem;
-
 use bytemuck::{Pod, Zeroable};
 
-#[cfg(feature = "image")]
-use crate::core::image;
+use std::mem;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "svg")]
-use crate::core::svg;
+pub use crate::graphics::Image;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "tracing")]
-use tracing::info_span;
+pub type Batch = Vec<Image>;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct Pipeline {
-    #[cfg(feature = "image")]
-    raster_cache: RefCell<raster::Cache>,
-    #[cfg(feature = "svg")]
-    vector_cache: RefCell<vector::Cache>,
-
     pipeline: wgpu::RenderPipeline,
+    backend: wgpu::Backend,
     nearest_sampler: wgpu::Sampler,
     linear_sampler: wgpu::Sampler,
-    texture: wgpu::BindGroup,
-    texture_version: usize,
-    texture_atlas: Atlas,
-    texture_layout: wgpu::BindGroupLayout,
+    texture_layout: Arc<wgpu::BindGroupLayout>,
     constant_layout: wgpu::BindGroupLayout,
-
     layers: Vec<Layer>,
     prepare_layer: usize,
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
-struct Layer {
-    uniforms: wgpu::Buffer,
-    nearest: Data,
-    linear: Data,
-}
-
-impl Layer {
-    fn new(
-        device: &wgpu::Device,
-        constant_layout: &wgpu::BindGroupLayout,
-        nearest_sampler: &wgpu::Sampler,
-        linear_sampler: &wgpu::Sampler,
-    ) -> Self {
-        let uniforms = device.create_buffer(&wgpu::BufferDescriptor {
-            label: Some("iced_wgpu::image uniforms buffer"),
-            size: mem::size_of::<Uniforms>() as u64,
-            usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::UNIFORM | wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_DST,
-            mapped_at_creation: false,
-        });
-
-        let nearest =
-            Data::new(device, constant_layout, nearest_sampler, &uniforms);
-
-        let linear =
-            Data::new(device, constant_layout, linear_sampler, &uniforms);
-
-        Self {
-            uniforms,
-            nearest,
-            linear,
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn prepare(
-        &mut self,
-        device: &wgpu::Device,
-        queue: &wgpu::Queue,
-        nearest_instances: &[Instance],
-        linear_instances: &[Instance],
-        transformation: Transformation,
-    ) {
-        queue.write_buffer(
-            &self.uniforms,
-            0,
-            bytemuck::bytes_of(&Uniforms {
-                transform: transformation.into(),
-            }),
-        );
-
-        self.nearest.upload(device, queue, nearest_instances);
-        self.linear.upload(device, queue, linear_instances);
-    }
-
-    fn render<'a>(&'a self, render_pass: &mut wgpu::RenderPass<'a>) {
-        self.nearest.render(render_pass);
-        self.linear.render(render_pass);
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-struct Data {
-    constants: wgpu::BindGroup,
-    instances: Buffer<Instance>,
-    instance_count: usize,
-}
-
-impl Data {
-    pub fn new(
-        device: &wgpu::Device,
-        constant_layout: &wgpu::BindGroupLayout,
-        sampler: &wgpu::Sampler,
-        uniforms: &wgpu::Buffer,
-    ) -> Self {
-        let constants = device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
-            label: Some("iced_wgpu::image constants bind group"),
-            layout: constant_layout,
-            entries: &[
-                wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
-                    binding: 0,
-                    resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Buffer(
-                        wgpu::BufferBinding {
-                            buffer: uniforms,
-                            offset: 0,
-                            size: None,
-                        },
-                    ),
-                },
-                wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
-                    binding: 1,
-                    resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Sampler(sampler),
-                },
-            ],
-        });
-
-        let instances = Buffer::new(
-            device,
-            "iced_wgpu::image instance buffer",
-            Instance::INITIAL,
-            wgpu::BufferUsages::VERTEX | wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_DST,
-        );
-
-        Self {
-            constants,
-            instances,
-            instance_count: 0,
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn upload(
-        &mut self,
-        device: &wgpu::Device,
-        queue: &wgpu::Queue,
-        instances: &[Instance],
-    ) {
-        let _ = self.instances.resize(device, instances.len());
-        let _ = self.instances.write(queue, 0, instances);
-
-        self.instance_count = instances.len();
-    }
-
-    fn render<'a>(&'a self, render_pass: &mut wgpu::RenderPass<'a>) {
-        render_pass.set_bind_group(0, &self.constants, &[]);
-        render_pass.set_vertex_buffer(0, self.instances.slice(..));
-
-        render_pass.draw(0..6, 0..self.instance_count as u32);
-    }
-}
-
 impl Pipeline {
     pub fn new(
         device: &wgpu::Device,
@@ -257,9 +115,9 @@ impl Pipeline {
                 label: Some("iced_wgpu image shader"),
                 source: wgpu::ShaderSource::Wgsl(std::borrow::Cow::Borrowed(
                     concat!(
-                        include_str!("shader/vertex.wgsl"),
+                        include_str!("../shader/vertex.wgsl"),
                         "\n",
-                        include_str!("shader/image.wgsl"),
+                        include_str!("../shader/image.wgsl"),
                     ),
                 )),
             });
@@ -277,14 +135,20 @@ impl Pipeline {
                         attributes: &wgpu::vertex_attr_array!(
                             // Position
                             0 => Float32x2,
-                            // Scale
+                            // Center
                             1 => Float32x2,
-                            // Atlas position
+                            // Scale
                             2 => Float32x2,
+                            // Rotation
+                            3 => Float32,
+                            // Opacity
+                            4 => Float32,
+                            // Atlas position
+                            5 => Float32x2,
                             // Atlas scale
-                            3 => Float32x2,
+                            6 => Float32x2,
                             // Layer
-                            4 => Sint32,
+                            7 => Sint32,
                         ),
                     }],
                 },
@@ -322,137 +186,95 @@ impl Pipeline {
                 multiview: None,
             });
 
-        let texture_atlas = Atlas::new(device, backend);
-
-        let texture = device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
-            label: Some("iced_wgpu::image texture atlas bind group"),
-            layout: &texture_layout,
-            entries: &[wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
-                binding: 0,
-                resource: wgpu::BindingResource::TextureView(
-                    texture_atlas.view(),
-                ),
-            }],
-        });
-
         Pipeline {
-            #[cfg(feature = "image")]
-            raster_cache: RefCell::new(raster::Cache::default()),
-
-            #[cfg(feature = "svg")]
-            vector_cache: RefCell::new(vector::Cache::default()),
-
             pipeline,
+            backend,
             nearest_sampler,
             linear_sampler,
-            texture,
-            texture_version: texture_atlas.layer_count(),
-            texture_atlas,
-            texture_layout,
+            texture_layout: Arc::new(texture_layout),
             constant_layout,
-
             layers: Vec::new(),
             prepare_layer: 0,
         }
     }
 
-    #[cfg(feature = "image")]
-    pub fn dimensions(&self, handle: &image::Handle) -> Size<u32> {
-        let mut cache = self.raster_cache.borrow_mut();
-        let memory = cache.load(handle);
-
-        memory.dimensions()
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(feature = "svg")]
-    pub fn viewport_dimensions(&self, handle: &svg::Handle) -> Size<u32> {
-        let mut cache = self.vector_cache.borrow_mut();
-        let svg = cache.load(handle);
-
-        svg.viewport_dimensions()
+    pub fn create_cache(&self, device: &wgpu::Device) -> Cache {
+        Cache::new(device, self.backend, self.texture_layout.clone())
     }
 
     pub fn prepare(
         &mut self,
         device: &wgpu::Device,
-        queue: &wgpu::Queue,
         encoder: &mut wgpu::CommandEncoder,
-        images: &[layer::Image],
+        belt: &mut wgpu::util::StagingBelt,
+        cache: &mut Cache,
+        images: &Batch,
         transformation: Transformation,
-        _scale: f32,
+        scale: f32,
     ) {
-        #[cfg(feature = "tracing")]
-        let _ = info_span!("Wgpu::Image", "PREPARE").entered();
-
-        #[cfg(feature = "tracing")]
-        let _ = info_span!("Wgpu::Image", "DRAW").entered();
+        let transformation = transformation * Transformation::scale(scale);
 
         let nearest_instances: &mut Vec<Instance> = &mut Vec::new();
         let linear_instances: &mut Vec<Instance> = &mut Vec::new();
 
-        #[cfg(feature = "image")]
-        let mut raster_cache = self.raster_cache.borrow_mut();
-
-        #[cfg(feature = "svg")]
-        let mut vector_cache = self.vector_cache.borrow_mut();
-
         for image in images {
             match &image {
                 #[cfg(feature = "image")]
-                layer::Image::Raster {
+                Image::Raster {
                     handle,
                     filter_method,
                     bounds,
+                    rotation,
+                    opacity,
                 } => {
-                    if let Some(atlas_entry) = raster_cache.upload(
-                        device,
-                        encoder,
-                        handle,
-                        &mut self.texture_atlas,
-                    ) {
+                    if let Some(atlas_entry) =
+                        cache.upload_raster(device, encoder, handle)
+                    {
                         add_instances(
                             [bounds.x, bounds.y],
                             [bounds.width, bounds.height],
+                            f32::from(*rotation),
+                            *opacity,
                             atlas_entry,
                             match filter_method {
-                                image::FilterMethod::Nearest => {
+                                crate::core::image::FilterMethod::Nearest => {
                                     nearest_instances
                                 }
-                                image::FilterMethod::Linear => linear_instances,
+                                crate::core::image::FilterMethod::Linear => {
+                                    linear_instances
+                                }
                             },
                         );
                     }
                 }
                 #[cfg(not(feature = "image"))]
-                layer::Image::Raster { .. } => {}
+                Image::Raster { .. } => {}
 
                 #[cfg(feature = "svg")]
-                layer::Image::Vector {
+                Image::Vector {
                     handle,
                     color,
                     bounds,
+                    rotation,
+                    opacity,
                 } => {
                     let size = [bounds.width, bounds.height];
 
-                    if let Some(atlas_entry) = vector_cache.upload(
-                        device,
-                        encoder,
-                        handle,
-                        *color,
-                        size,
-                        _scale,
-                        &mut self.texture_atlas,
+                    if let Some(atlas_entry) = cache.upload_vector(
+                        device, encoder, handle, *color, size, scale,
                     ) {
                         add_instances(
                             [bounds.x, bounds.y],
                             size,
+                            f32::from(*rotation),
+                            *opacity,
                             atlas_entry,
                             nearest_instances,
                         );
                     }
                 }
                 #[cfg(not(feature = "svg"))]
-                layer::Image::Vector { .. } => {}
+                Image::Vector { .. } => {}
             }
         }
 
@@ -460,26 +282,6 @@ impl Pipeline {
             return;
         }
 
-        let texture_version = self.texture_atlas.layer_count();
-
-        if self.texture_version != texture_version {
-            log::info!("Atlas has grown. Recreating bind group...");
-
-            self.texture =
-                device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
-                    label: Some("iced_wgpu::image texture atlas bind group"),
-                    layout: &self.texture_layout,
-                    entries: &[wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
-                        binding: 0,
-                        resource: wgpu::BindingResource::TextureView(
-                            self.texture_atlas.view(),
-                        ),
-                    }],
-                });
-
-            self.texture_version = texture_version;
-        }
-
         if self.layers.len() <= self.prepare_layer {
             self.layers.push(Layer::new(
                 device,
@@ -493,7 +295,8 @@ impl Pipeline {
 
         layer.prepare(
             device,
-            queue,
+            encoder,
+            belt,
             nearest_instances,
             linear_instances,
             transformation,
@@ -504,6 +307,7 @@ impl Pipeline {
 
     pub fn render<'a>(
         &'a self,
+        cache: &'a Cache,
         layer: usize,
         bounds: Rectangle<u32>,
         render_pass: &mut wgpu::RenderPass<'a>,
@@ -518,20 +322,162 @@ impl Pipeline {
                 bounds.height,
             );
 
-            render_pass.set_bind_group(1, &self.texture, &[]);
+            render_pass.set_bind_group(1, cache.bind_group(), &[]);
 
             layer.render(render_pass);
         }
     }
 
     pub fn end_frame(&mut self) {
-        #[cfg(feature = "image")]
-        self.raster_cache.borrow_mut().trim(&mut self.texture_atlas);
+        self.prepare_layer = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct Layer {
+    uniforms: wgpu::Buffer,
+    nearest: Data,
+    linear: Data,
+}
 
-        #[cfg(feature = "svg")]
-        self.vector_cache.borrow_mut().trim(&mut self.texture_atlas);
+impl Layer {
+    fn new(
+        device: &wgpu::Device,
+        constant_layout: &wgpu::BindGroupLayout,
+        nearest_sampler: &wgpu::Sampler,
+        linear_sampler: &wgpu::Sampler,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let uniforms = device.create_buffer(&wgpu::BufferDescriptor {
+            label: Some("iced_wgpu::image uniforms buffer"),
+            size: mem::size_of::<Uniforms>() as u64,
+            usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::UNIFORM | wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_DST,
+            mapped_at_creation: false,
+        });
 
-        self.prepare_layer = 0;
+        let nearest =
+            Data::new(device, constant_layout, nearest_sampler, &uniforms);
+
+        let linear =
+            Data::new(device, constant_layout, linear_sampler, &uniforms);
+
+        Self {
+            uniforms,
+            nearest,
+            linear,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn prepare(
+        &mut self,
+        device: &wgpu::Device,
+        encoder: &mut wgpu::CommandEncoder,
+        belt: &mut wgpu::util::StagingBelt,
+        nearest_instances: &[Instance],
+        linear_instances: &[Instance],
+        transformation: Transformation,
+    ) {
+        let uniforms = Uniforms {
+            transform: transformation.into(),
+        };
+
+        let bytes = bytemuck::bytes_of(&uniforms);
+
+        belt.write_buffer(
+            encoder,
+            &self.uniforms,
+            0,
+            (bytes.len() as u64).try_into().expect("Sized uniforms"),
+            device,
+        )
+        .copy_from_slice(bytes);
+
+        self.nearest
+            .upload(device, encoder, belt, nearest_instances);
+
+        self.linear.upload(device, encoder, belt, linear_instances);
+    }
+
+    fn render<'a>(&'a self, render_pass: &mut wgpu::RenderPass<'a>) {
+        self.nearest.render(render_pass);
+        self.linear.render(render_pass);
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct Data {
+    constants: wgpu::BindGroup,
+    instances: Buffer<Instance>,
+    instance_count: usize,
+}
+
+impl Data {
+    pub fn new(
+        device: &wgpu::Device,
+        constant_layout: &wgpu::BindGroupLayout,
+        sampler: &wgpu::Sampler,
+        uniforms: &wgpu::Buffer,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let constants = device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
+            label: Some("iced_wgpu::image constants bind group"),
+            layout: constant_layout,
+            entries: &[
+                wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                    binding: 0,
+                    resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Buffer(
+                        wgpu::BufferBinding {
+                            buffer: uniforms,
+                            offset: 0,
+                            size: None,
+                        },
+                    ),
+                },
+                wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                    binding: 1,
+                    resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Sampler(sampler),
+                },
+            ],
+        });
+
+        let instances = Buffer::new(
+            device,
+            "iced_wgpu::image instance buffer",
+            Instance::INITIAL,
+            wgpu::BufferUsages::VERTEX | wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_DST,
+        );
+
+        Self {
+            constants,
+            instances,
+            instance_count: 0,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn upload(
+        &mut self,
+        device: &wgpu::Device,
+        encoder: &mut wgpu::CommandEncoder,
+        belt: &mut wgpu::util::StagingBelt,
+        instances: &[Instance],
+    ) {
+        self.instance_count = instances.len();
+
+        if self.instance_count == 0 {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let _ = self.instances.resize(device, instances.len());
+        let _ = self.instances.write(device, encoder, belt, 0, instances);
+    }
+
+    fn render<'a>(&'a self, render_pass: &mut wgpu::RenderPass<'a>) {
+        if self.instance_count == 0 {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        render_pass.set_bind_group(0, &self.constants, &[]);
+        render_pass.set_vertex_buffer(0, self.instances.slice(..));
+
+        render_pass.draw(0..6, 0..self.instance_count as u32);
     }
 }
 
@@ -539,7 +485,10 @@ impl Pipeline {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Zeroable, Pod)]
 struct Instance {
     _position: [f32; 2],
+    _center: [f32; 2],
     _size: [f32; 2],
+    _rotation: f32,
+    _opacity: f32,
     _position_in_atlas: [f32; 2],
     _size_in_atlas: [f32; 2],
     _layer: u32,
@@ -558,12 +507,27 @@ struct Uniforms {
 fn add_instances(
     image_position: [f32; 2],
     image_size: [f32; 2],
+    rotation: f32,
+    opacity: f32,
     entry: &atlas::Entry,
     instances: &mut Vec<Instance>,
 ) {
+    let center = [
+        image_position[0] + image_size[0] / 2.0,
+        image_position[1] + image_size[1] / 2.0,
+    ];
+
     match entry {
         atlas::Entry::Contiguous(allocation) => {
-            add_instance(image_position, image_size, allocation, instances);
+            add_instance(
+                image_position,
+                center,
+                image_size,
+                rotation,
+                opacity,
+                allocation,
+                instances,
+            );
         }
         atlas::Entry::Fragmented { fragments, size } => {
             let scaling_x = image_size[0] / size.width as f32;
@@ -589,7 +553,10 @@ fn add_instances(
                     fragment_height as f32 * scaling_y,
                 ];
 
-                add_instance(position, size, allocation, instances);
+                add_instance(
+                    position, center, size, rotation, opacity, allocation,
+                    instances,
+                );
             }
         }
     }
@@ -598,7 +565,10 @@ fn add_instances(
 #[inline]
 fn add_instance(
     position: [f32; 2],
+    center: [f32; 2],
     size: [f32; 2],
+    rotation: f32,
+    opacity: f32,
     allocation: &atlas::Allocation,
     instances: &mut Vec<Instance>,
 ) {
@@ -608,7 +578,10 @@ fn add_instance(
 
     let instance = Instance {
         _position: position,
+        _center: center,
         _size: size,
+        _rotation: rotation,
+        _opacity: opacity,
         _position_in_atlas: [
             (x as f32 + 0.5) / atlas::SIZE as f32,
             (y as f32 + 0.5) / atlas::SIZE as f32,
diff --git a/wgpu/src/image/null.rs b/wgpu/src/image/null.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c06d56be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wgpu/src/image/null.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+pub use crate::graphics::Image;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+pub struct Batch;
+
+impl Batch {
+    pub fn push(&mut self, _image: Image) {}
+
+    pub fn clear(&mut self) {}
+}
diff --git a/wgpu/src/image/raster.rs b/wgpu/src/image/raster.rs
index a6cba76a..4d3c3125 100644
--- a/wgpu/src/image/raster.rs
+++ b/wgpu/src/image/raster.rs
@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@ use crate::graphics;
 use crate::graphics::image::image_rs;
 use crate::image::atlas::{self, Atlas};
 
-use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
+use rustc_hash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
 
 /// Entry in cache corresponding to an image handle
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub enum Memory {
     /// Image data on host
-    Host(image_rs::ImageBuffer<image_rs::Rgba<u8>, Vec<u8>>),
+    Host(image_rs::ImageBuffer<image_rs::Rgba<u8>, image::Bytes>),
     /// Storage entry
     Device(atlas::Entry),
     /// Image not found
@@ -38,8 +38,9 @@ impl Memory {
 /// Caches image raster data
 #[derive(Debug, Default)]
 pub struct Cache {
-    map: HashMap<u64, Memory>,
-    hits: HashSet<u64>,
+    map: FxHashMap<image::Id, Memory>,
+    hits: FxHashSet<image::Id>,
+    should_trim: bool,
 }
 
 impl Cache {
@@ -50,11 +51,13 @@ impl Cache {
         }
 
         let memory = match graphics::image::load(handle) {
-            Ok(image) => Memory::Host(image.to_rgba8()),
+            Ok(image) => Memory::Host(image),
             Err(image_rs::error::ImageError::IoError(_)) => Memory::NotFound,
             Err(_) => Memory::Invalid,
         };
 
+        self.should_trim = true;
+
         self.insert(handle, memory);
         self.get(handle).unwrap()
     }
@@ -86,6 +89,11 @@ impl Cache {
 
     /// Trim cache misses from cache
     pub fn trim(&mut self, atlas: &mut Atlas) {
+        // Only trim if new entries have landed in the `Cache`
+        if !self.should_trim {
+            return;
+        }
+
         let hits = &self.hits;
 
         self.map.retain(|k, memory| {
@@ -101,6 +109,7 @@ impl Cache {
         });
 
         self.hits.clear();
+        self.should_trim = false;
     }
 
     fn get(&mut self, handle: &image::Handle) -> Option<&mut Memory> {
diff --git a/wgpu/src/image/vector.rs b/wgpu/src/image/vector.rs
index d9be50d7..c6d829af 100644
--- a/wgpu/src/image/vector.rs
+++ b/wgpu/src/image/vector.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use crate::image::atlas::{self, Atlas};
 
 use resvg::tiny_skia;
 use resvg::usvg::{self, TreeTextToPath};
-use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
+use rustc_hash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
 use std::fs;
 
 /// Entry in cache corresponding to an svg handle
@@ -33,10 +33,11 @@ impl Svg {
 /// Caches svg vector and raster data
 #[derive(Debug, Default)]
 pub struct Cache {
-    svgs: HashMap<u64, Svg>,
-    rasterized: HashMap<(u64, u32, u32, ColorFilter), atlas::Entry>,
-    svg_hits: HashSet<u64>,
-    rasterized_hits: HashSet<(u64, u32, u32, ColorFilter)>,
+    svgs: FxHashMap<u64, Svg>,
+    rasterized: FxHashMap<(u64, u32, u32, ColorFilter), atlas::Entry>,
+    svg_hits: FxHashSet<u64>,
+    rasterized_hits: FxHashSet<(u64, u32, u32, ColorFilter)>,
+    should_trim: bool,
 }
 
 type ColorFilter = Option<[u8; 4]>;
@@ -76,6 +77,8 @@ impl Cache {
             }
         }
 
+        self.should_trim = true;
+
         let _ = self.svgs.insert(handle.id(), svg);
         self.svgs.get(&handle.id()).unwrap()
     }
@@ -176,6 +179,10 @@ impl Cache {
 
     /// Load svg and upload raster data
     pub fn trim(&mut self, atlas: &mut Atlas) {
+        if !self.should_trim {
+            return;
+        }
+
         let svg_hits = &self.svg_hits;
         let rasterized_hits = &self.rasterized_hits;
 
@@ -191,6 +198,7 @@ impl Cache {
         });
         self.svg_hits.clear();
         self.rasterized_hits.clear();
+        self.should_trim = false;
     }
 }