Merge branch 'master' into feat/text-macro

27 files changed, 694 insertions, 260 deletions

diff --git a/core/Cargo.toml b/core/Cargo.toml
index c273fcb4..3c557bca 100644
--- a/core/Cargo.toml
+++ b/core/Cargo.toml
@@ -10,17 +10,28 @@ homepage.workspace = true
 categories.workspace = true
 keywords.workspace = true
 
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
+[features]
+auto-detect-theme = ["dep:dark-light"]
+advanced = []
+
 [dependencies]
 bitflags.workspace = true
+bytes.workspace = true
 glam.workspace = true
 log.workspace = true
 num-traits.workspace = true
 once_cell.workspace = true
 palette.workspace = true
+rustc-hash.workspace = true
 smol_str.workspace = true
 thiserror.workspace = true
 web-time.workspace = true
-xxhash-rust.workspace = true
+
+dark-light.workspace = true
+dark-light.optional = true
 
 [target.'cfg(windows)'.dependencies]
 raw-window-handle.workspace = true
diff --git a/core/src/angle.rs b/core/src/angle.rs
index dc3c0e93..9c8a9b24 100644
--- a/core/src/angle.rs
+++ b/core/src/angle.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,17 @@
 use crate::{Point, Rectangle, Vector};
 
 use std::f32::consts::{FRAC_PI_2, PI};
-use std::ops::{Add, AddAssign, Div, Mul, RangeInclusive, Sub, SubAssign};
+use std::ops::{Add, AddAssign, Div, Mul, RangeInclusive, Rem, Sub, SubAssign};
 
 /// Degrees
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
 pub struct Degrees(pub f32);
 
+impl Degrees {
+    /// The range of degrees of a circle.
+    pub const RANGE: RangeInclusive<Self> = Self(0.0)..=Self(360.0);
+}
+
 impl PartialEq<f32> for Degrees {
     fn eq(&self, other: &f32) -> bool {
         self.0.eq(other)
@@ -19,6 +24,52 @@ impl PartialOrd<f32> for Degrees {
     }
 }
 
+impl From<f32> for Degrees {
+    fn from(degrees: f32) -> Self {
+        Self(degrees)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<u8> for Degrees {
+    fn from(degrees: u8) -> Self {
+        Self(f32::from(degrees))
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Degrees> for f32 {
+    fn from(degrees: Degrees) -> Self {
+        degrees.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Degrees> for f64 {
+    fn from(degrees: Degrees) -> Self {
+        Self::from(degrees.0)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Mul<f32> for Degrees {
+    type Output = Degrees;
+
+    fn mul(self, rhs: f32) -> Self::Output {
+        Self(self.0 * rhs)
+    }
+}
+
+impl num_traits::FromPrimitive for Degrees {
+    fn from_i64(n: i64) -> Option<Self> {
+        Some(Self(n as f32))
+    }
+
+    fn from_u64(n: u64) -> Option<Self> {
+        Some(Self(n as f32))
+    }
+
+    fn from_f64(n: f64) -> Option<Self> {
+        Some(Self(n as f32))
+    }
+}
+
 /// Radians
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
 pub struct Radians(pub f32);
@@ -65,6 +116,12 @@ impl From<u8> for Radians {
     }
 }
 
+impl From<Radians> for f32 {
+    fn from(radians: Radians) -> Self {
+        radians.0
+    }
+}
+
 impl From<Radians> for f64 {
     fn from(radians: Radians) -> Self {
         Self::from(radians.0)
@@ -107,6 +164,14 @@ impl Add for Radians {
     }
 }
 
+impl Add<Degrees> for Radians {
+    type Output = Self;
+
+    fn add(self, rhs: Degrees) -> Self::Output {
+        Self(self.0 + rhs.0.to_radians())
+    }
+}
+
 impl AddAssign for Radians {
     fn add_assign(&mut self, rhs: Radians) {
         self.0 = self.0 + rhs.0;
@@ -153,6 +218,14 @@ impl Div for Radians {
     }
 }
 
+impl Rem for Radians {
+    type Output = Self;
+
+    fn rem(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
+        Self(self.0 % rhs.0)
+    }
+}
+
 impl PartialEq<f32> for Radians {
     fn eq(&self, other: &f32) -> bool {
         self.0.eq(other)
diff --git a/core/src/content_fit.rs b/core/src/content_fit.rs
index 6bbedc7a..19642716 100644
--- a/core/src/content_fit.rs
+++ b/core/src/content_fit.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 //! Control the fit of some content (like an image) within a space.
 use crate::Size;
 
+use std::fmt;
+
 /// The strategy used to fit the contents of a widget to its bounding box.
 ///
 /// Each variant of this enum is a strategy that can be applied for resolving
@@ -11,7 +13,7 @@ use crate::Size;
 /// in CSS, see [Mozilla's docs][1], or run the `tour` example
 ///
 /// [1]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/object-fit
-#[derive(Debug, Hash, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Hash, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
 pub enum ContentFit {
     /// Scale as big as it can be without needing to crop or hide parts.
     ///
@@ -23,6 +25,7 @@ pub enum ContentFit {
     /// This is a great fit for when you need to display an image without losing
     /// any part of it, particularly when the image itself is the focus of the
     /// screen.
+    #[default]
     Contain,
 
     /// Scale the image to cover all of the bounding box, cropping if needed.
@@ -117,3 +120,15 @@ impl ContentFit {
         }
     }
 }
+
+impl fmt::Display for ContentFit {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.write_str(match self {
+            ContentFit::Contain => "Contain",
+            ContentFit::Cover => "Cover",
+            ContentFit::Fill => "Fill",
+            ContentFit::None => "None",
+            ContentFit::ScaleDown => "Scale Down",
+        })
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/element.rs b/core/src/element.rs
index 989eaa3b..7d918a2e 100644
--- a/core/src/element.rs
+++ b/core/src/element.rs
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ impl<'a, Message, Theme, Renderer> Element<'a, Message, Theme, Renderer> {
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # mod iced {
-    /// #     pub type Element<'a, Message> = iced_core::Element<'a, Message, iced_core::Theme, iced_core::renderer::Null>;
+    /// #     pub type Element<'a, Message> = iced_core::Element<'a, Message, iced_core::Theme, ()>;
     /// #
     /// #     pub mod widget {
     /// #         pub fn row<'a, Message>(iter: impl IntoIterator<Item = super::Element<'a, Message>>) -> super::Element<'a, Message> {
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ impl<'a, Message, Theme, Renderer> Element<'a, Message, Theme, Renderer> {
     /// #     pub enum Message {}
     /// #     pub struct Counter;
     /// #
-    /// #     pub type Element<'a, Message> = iced_core::Element<'a, Message, iced_core::Theme, iced_core::renderer::Null>;
+    /// #     pub type Element<'a, Message> = iced_core::Element<'a, Message, iced_core::Theme, ()>;
     /// #
     /// #     impl Counter {
     /// #         pub fn view(&self) -> Element<Message> {
diff --git a/core/src/hasher.rs b/core/src/hasher.rs
index a13d78af..13180e41 100644
--- a/core/src/hasher.rs
+++ b/core/src/hasher.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /// The hasher used to compare layouts.
 #[allow(missing_debug_implementations)] // Doesn't really make sense to have debug on the hasher state anyways.
 #[derive(Default)]
-pub struct Hasher(xxhash_rust::xxh3::Xxh3);
+pub struct Hasher(rustc_hash::FxHasher);
 
 impl core::hash::Hasher for Hasher {
     fn write(&mut self, bytes: &[u8]) {
diff --git a/core/src/image.rs b/core/src/image.rs
index e5fdcd83..82ecdd0f 100644
--- a/core/src/image.rs
+++ b/core/src/image.rs
@@ -1,15 +1,45 @@
 //! Load and draw raster graphics.
-use crate::{Hasher, Rectangle, Size};
+pub use bytes::Bytes;
 
-use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher as _};
-use std::path::PathBuf;
-use std::sync::Arc;
+use crate::{Radians, Rectangle, Size};
+
+use rustc_hash::FxHasher;
+use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 
 /// A handle of some image data.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct Handle {
-    id: u64,
-    data: Data,
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum Handle {
+    /// A file handle. The image data will be read
+    /// from the file path.
+    ///
+    /// Use [`from_path`] to create this variant.
+    ///
+    /// [`from_path`]: Self::from_path
+    Path(Id, PathBuf),
+
+    /// A handle pointing to some encoded image bytes in-memory.
+    ///
+    /// Use [`from_bytes`] to create this variant.
+    ///
+    /// [`from_bytes`]: Self::from_bytes
+    Bytes(Id, Bytes),
+
+    /// A handle pointing to decoded image pixels in RGBA format.
+    ///
+    /// Use [`from_rgba`] to create this variant.
+    ///
+    /// [`from_rgba`]: Self::from_rgba
+    Rgba {
+        /// The id of this handle.
+        id: Id,
+        /// The width of the image.
+        width: u32,
+        /// The height of the image.
+        height: u32,
+        /// The pixels.
+        pixels: Bytes,
+    },
 }
 
 impl Handle {
@@ -17,56 +47,48 @@ impl Handle {
     ///
     /// Makes an educated guess about the image format by examining the data in the file.
     pub fn from_path<T: Into<PathBuf>>(path: T) -> Handle {
-        Self::from_data(Data::Path(path.into()))
-    }
+        let path = path.into();
 
-    /// Creates an image [`Handle`] containing the image pixels directly. This
-    /// function expects the input data to be provided as a `Vec<u8>` of RGBA
-    /// pixels.
-    ///
-    /// This is useful if you have already decoded your image.
-    pub fn from_pixels(
-        width: u32,
-        height: u32,
-        pixels: impl AsRef<[u8]> + Send + Sync + 'static,
-    ) -> Handle {
-        Self::from_data(Data::Rgba {
-            width,
-            height,
-            pixels: Bytes::new(pixels),
-        })
+        Self::Path(Id::path(&path), path)
     }
 
-    /// Creates an image [`Handle`] containing the image data directly.
+    /// Creates an image [`Handle`] containing the encoded image data directly.
     ///
     /// Makes an educated guess about the image format by examining the given data.
     ///
     /// This is useful if you already have your image loaded in-memory, maybe
     /// because you downloaded or generated it procedurally.
-    pub fn from_memory(
-        bytes: impl AsRef<[u8]> + Send + Sync + 'static,
-    ) -> Handle {
-        Self::from_data(Data::Bytes(Bytes::new(bytes)))
+    pub fn from_bytes(bytes: impl Into<Bytes>) -> Handle {
+        Self::Bytes(Id::unique(), bytes.into())
     }
 
-    fn from_data(data: Data) -> Handle {
-        let mut hasher = Hasher::default();
-        data.hash(&mut hasher);
-
-        Handle {
-            id: hasher.finish(),
-            data,
+    /// Creates an image [`Handle`] containing the decoded image pixels directly.
+    ///
+    /// This function expects the pixel data to be provided as a collection of [`Bytes`]
+    /// of RGBA pixels. Therefore, the length of the pixel data should always be
+    /// `width * height * 4`.
+    ///
+    /// This is useful if you have already decoded your image.
+    pub fn from_rgba(
+        width: u32,
+        height: u32,
+        pixels: impl Into<Bytes>,
+    ) -> Handle {
+        Self::Rgba {
+            id: Id::unique(),
+            width,
+            height,
+            pixels: pixels.into(),
         }
     }
 
     /// Returns the unique identifier of the [`Handle`].
-    pub fn id(&self) -> u64 {
-        self.id
-    }
-
-    /// Returns a reference to the image [`Data`].
-    pub fn data(&self) -> &Data {
-        &self.data
+    pub fn id(&self) -> Id {
+        match self {
+            Handle::Path(id, _)
+            | Handle::Bytes(id, _)
+            | Handle::Rgba { id, .. } => *id,
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -79,90 +101,46 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl Hash for Handle {
-    fn hash<H: std::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
-        self.id.hash(state);
-    }
-}
-
-/// A wrapper around raw image data.
-///
-/// It behaves like a `&[u8]`.
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct Bytes(Arc<dyn AsRef<[u8]> + Send + Sync + 'static>);
-
-impl Bytes {
-    /// Creates new [`Bytes`] around `data`.
-    pub fn new(data: impl AsRef<[u8]> + Send + Sync + 'static) -> Self {
-        Self(Arc::new(data))
-    }
-}
-
-impl std::fmt::Debug for Bytes {
+impl std::fmt::Debug for Handle {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        self.0.as_ref().as_ref().fmt(f)
+        match self {
+            Self::Path(_, path) => write!(f, "Path({path:?})"),
+            Self::Bytes(_, _) => write!(f, "Bytes(...)"),
+            Self::Rgba { width, height, .. } => {
+                write!(f, "Pixels({width} * {height})")
+            }
+        }
     }
 }
 
-impl std::hash::Hash for Bytes {
-    fn hash<H: std::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
-        self.0.as_ref().as_ref().hash(state);
-    }
-}
+/// The unique identifier of some [`Handle`] data.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub struct Id(_Id);
 
-impl PartialEq for Bytes {
-    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
-        let a = self.as_ref();
-        let b = other.as_ref();
-        core::ptr::eq(a, b) || a == b
-    }
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+enum _Id {
+    Unique(u64),
+    Hash(u64),
 }
 
-impl Eq for Bytes {}
-
-impl AsRef<[u8]> for Bytes {
-    fn as_ref(&self) -> &[u8] {
-        self.0.as_ref().as_ref()
-    }
-}
+impl Id {
+    fn unique() -> Self {
+        use std::sync::atomic::{self, AtomicU64};
 
-impl std::ops::Deref for Bytes {
-    type Target = [u8];
+        static NEXT_ID: AtomicU64 = AtomicU64::new(0);
 
-    fn deref(&self) -> &[u8] {
-        self.0.as_ref().as_ref()
+        Self(_Id::Unique(NEXT_ID.fetch_add(1, atomic::Ordering::Relaxed)))
     }
-}
 
-/// The data of a raster image.
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub enum Data {
-    /// File data
-    Path(PathBuf),
+    fn path(path: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Self {
+        let hash = {
+            let mut hasher = FxHasher::default();
+            path.as_ref().hash(&mut hasher);
 
-    /// In-memory data
-    Bytes(Bytes),
-
-    /// Decoded image pixels in RGBA format.
-    Rgba {
-        /// The width of the image.
-        width: u32,
-        /// The height of the image.
-        height: u32,
-        /// The pixels.
-        pixels: Bytes,
-    },
-}
+            hasher.finish()
+        };
 
-impl std::fmt::Debug for Data {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        match self {
-            Data::Path(path) => write!(f, "Path({path:?})"),
-            Data::Bytes(_) => write!(f, "Bytes(...)"),
-            Data::Rgba { width, height, .. } => {
-                write!(f, "Pixels({width} * {height})")
-            }
-        }
+        Self(_Id::Hash(hash))
     }
 }
 
@@ -183,17 +161,19 @@ pub trait Renderer: crate::Renderer {
     /// The image Handle to be displayed. Iced exposes its own default implementation of a [`Handle`]
     ///
     /// [`Handle`]: Self::Handle
-    type Handle: Clone + Hash;
+    type Handle: Clone;
 
     /// Returns the dimensions of an image for the given [`Handle`].
-    fn dimensions(&self, handle: &Self::Handle) -> Size<u32>;
+    fn measure_image(&self, handle: &Self::Handle) -> Size<u32>;
 
     /// Draws an image with the given [`Handle`] and inside the provided
     /// `bounds`.
-    fn draw(
+    fn draw_image(
         &mut self,
         handle: Self::Handle,
         filter_method: FilterMethod,
         bounds: Rectangle,
+        rotation: Radians,
+        opacity: f32,
     );
 }
diff --git a/core/src/layout.rs b/core/src/layout.rs
index 95720aba..98d05602 100644
--- a/core/src/layout.rs
+++ b/core/src/layout.rs
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ impl<'a> Layout<'a> {
     }
 
     /// Returns an iterator over the [`Layout`] of the children of a [`Node`].
-    pub fn children(self) -> impl Iterator<Item = Layout<'a>> {
+    pub fn children(self) -> impl DoubleEndedIterator<Item = Layout<'a>> {
         self.node.children().iter().map(move |node| {
             Layout::with_offset(
                 Vector::new(self.position.x, self.position.y),
diff --git a/core/src/lib.rs b/core/src/lib.rs
index d076413e..32156441 100644
--- a/core/src/lib.rs
+++ b/core/src/lib.rs
@@ -9,13 +9,6 @@
 #![doc(
     html_logo_url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/iced-rs/iced/9ab6923e943f784985e9ef9ca28b10278297225d/docs/logo.svg"
 )]
-#![forbid(unsafe_code, rust_2018_idioms)]
-#![deny(
-    missing_debug_implementations,
-    missing_docs,
-    unused_results,
-    rustdoc::broken_intra_doc_links
-)]
 pub mod alignment;
 pub mod border;
 pub mod clipboard;
@@ -41,12 +34,12 @@ mod background;
 mod color;
 mod content_fit;
 mod element;
-mod hasher;
 mod length;
 mod padding;
 mod pixels;
 mod point;
 mod rectangle;
+mod rotation;
 mod shadow;
 mod shell;
 mod size;
@@ -64,7 +57,6 @@ pub use element::Element;
 pub use event::Event;
 pub use font::Font;
 pub use gradient::Gradient;
-pub use hasher::Hasher;
 pub use layout::Layout;
 pub use length::Length;
 pub use overlay::Overlay;
@@ -73,6 +65,7 @@ pub use pixels::Pixels;
 pub use point::Point;
 pub use rectangle::Rectangle;
 pub use renderer::Renderer;
+pub use rotation::Rotation;
 pub use shadow::Shadow;
 pub use shell::Shell;
 pub use size::Size;
diff --git a/core/src/mouse/interaction.rs b/core/src/mouse/interaction.rs
index 6ad66229..065eb8e7 100644
--- a/core/src/mouse/interaction.rs
+++ b/core/src/mouse/interaction.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #[allow(missing_docs)]
 pub enum Interaction {
     #[default]
+    None,
     Idle,
     Pointer,
     Grab,
diff --git a/core/src/overlay.rs b/core/src/overlay.rs
index 03076a30..3a57fe16 100644
--- a/core/src/overlay.rs
+++ b/core/src/overlay.rs
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ where
         _viewport: &Rectangle,
         _renderer: &Renderer,
     ) -> mouse::Interaction {
-        mouse::Interaction::Idle
+        mouse::Interaction::None
     }
 
     /// Returns true if the cursor is over the [`Overlay`].
diff --git a/core/src/rectangle.rs b/core/src/rectangle.rs
index c1c2eeac..1556e072 100644
--- a/core/src/rectangle.rs
+++ b/core/src/rectangle.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-use crate::{Point, Size, Vector};
+use crate::{Point, Radians, Size, Vector};
 
-/// A rectangle.
+/// An axis-aligned rectangle.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
 pub struct Rectangle<T = f32> {
     /// X coordinate of the top-left corner.
@@ -16,24 +16,32 @@ pub struct Rectangle<T = f32> {
     pub height: T,
 }
 
-impl Rectangle<f32> {
-    /// Creates a new [`Rectangle`] with its top-left corner in the given
-    /// [`Point`] and with the provided [`Size`].
-    pub fn new(top_left: Point, size: Size) -> Self {
+impl<T> Rectangle<T>
+where
+    T: Default,
+{
+    /// Creates a new [`Rectangle`] with its top-left corner at the origin
+    /// and with the provided [`Size`].
+    pub fn with_size(size: Size<T>) -> Self {
         Self {
-            x: top_left.x,
-            y: top_left.y,
+            x: T::default(),
+            y: T::default(),
             width: size.width,
             height: size.height,
         }
     }
+}
 
-    /// Creates a new [`Rectangle`] with its top-left corner at the origin
-    /// and with the provided [`Size`].
-    pub fn with_size(size: Size) -> Self {
+impl Rectangle<f32> {
+    /// A rectangle starting at [`Point::ORIGIN`] with infinite width and height.
+    pub const INFINITE: Self = Self::new(Point::ORIGIN, Size::INFINITY);
+
+    /// Creates a new [`Rectangle`] with its top-left corner in the given
+    /// [`Point`] and with the provided [`Size`].
+    pub const fn new(top_left: Point, size: Size) -> Self {
         Self {
-            x: 0.0,
-            y: 0.0,
+            x: top_left.x,
+            y: top_left.y,
             width: size.width,
             height: size.height,
         }
@@ -139,13 +147,20 @@ impl Rectangle<f32> {
     }
 
     /// Snaps the [`Rectangle`] to __unsigned__ integer coordinates.
-    pub fn snap(self) -> Rectangle<u32> {
-        Rectangle {
+    pub fn snap(self) -> Option<Rectangle<u32>> {
+        let width = self.width as u32;
+        let height = self.height as u32;
+
+        if width < 1 || height < 1 {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        Some(Rectangle {
             x: self.x as u32,
             y: self.y as u32,
-            width: self.width as u32,
-            height: self.height as u32,
-        }
+            width,
+            height,
+        })
     }
 
     /// Expands the [`Rectangle`] a given amount.
@@ -157,6 +172,18 @@ impl Rectangle<f32> {
             height: self.height + amount * 2.0,
         }
     }
+
+    /// Rotates the [`Rectangle`] and returns the smallest [`Rectangle`]
+    /// containing it.
+    pub fn rotate(self, rotation: Radians) -> Self {
+        let size = self.size().rotate(rotation);
+        let position = Point::new(
+            self.center_x() - size.width / 2.0,
+            self.center_y() - size.height / 2.0,
+        );
+
+        Self::new(position, size)
+    }
 }
 
 impl std::ops::Mul<f32> for Rectangle<f32> {
@@ -212,3 +239,19 @@ where
         }
     }
 }
+
+impl<T> std::ops::Mul<Vector<T>> for Rectangle<T>
+where
+    T: std::ops::Mul<Output = T> + Copy,
+{
+    type Output = Rectangle<T>;
+
+    fn mul(self, scale: Vector<T>) -> Self {
+        Rectangle {
+            x: self.x * scale.x,
+            y: self.y * scale.y,
+            width: self.width * scale.x,
+            height: self.height * scale.y,
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/renderer.rs b/core/src/renderer.rs
index 1139b41c..a2785ae8 100644
--- a/core/src/renderer.rs
+++ b/core/src/renderer.rs
@@ -2,26 +2,47 @@
 #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
 mod null;
 
-#[cfg(debug_assertions)]
-pub use null::Null;
-
 use crate::{
     Background, Border, Color, Rectangle, Shadow, Size, Transformation, Vector,
 };
 
 /// A component that can be used by widgets to draw themselves on a screen.
-pub trait Renderer: Sized {
+pub trait Renderer {
+    /// Starts recording a new layer.
+    fn start_layer(&mut self, bounds: Rectangle);
+
+    /// Ends recording a new layer.
+    ///
+    /// The new layer will clip its contents to the provided `bounds`.
+    fn end_layer(&mut self);
+
     /// Draws the primitives recorded in the given closure in a new layer.
     ///
     /// The layer will clip its contents to the provided `bounds`.
-    fn with_layer(&mut self, bounds: Rectangle, f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self));
+    fn with_layer(&mut self, bounds: Rectangle, f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self)) {
+        self.start_layer(bounds);
+        f(self);
+        self.end_layer();
+    }
+
+    /// Starts recording with a new [`Transformation`].
+    fn start_transformation(&mut self, transformation: Transformation);
+
+    /// Ends recording a new layer.
+    ///
+    /// The new layer will clip its contents to the provided `bounds`.
+    fn end_transformation(&mut self);
 
     /// Applies a [`Transformation`] to the primitives recorded in the given closure.
     fn with_transformation(
         &mut self,
         transformation: Transformation,
         f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self),
-    );
+    ) {
+        self.start_transformation(transformation);
+        f(self);
+        self.end_transformation();
+    }
 
     /// Applies a translation to the primitives recorded in the given closure.
     fn with_translation(
diff --git a/core/src/renderer/null.rs b/core/src/renderer/null.rs
index 83688ff7..e8709dbc 100644
--- a/core/src/renderer/null.rs
+++ b/core/src/renderer/null.rs
@@ -1,34 +1,21 @@
 use crate::alignment;
+use crate::image;
 use crate::renderer::{self, Renderer};
+use crate::svg;
 use crate::text::{self, Text};
 use crate::{
-    Background, Color, Font, Pixels, Point, Rectangle, Size, Transformation,
+    Background, Color, Font, Pixels, Point, Radians, Rectangle, Size,
+    Transformation,
 };
 
-use std::borrow::Cow;
+impl Renderer for () {
+    fn start_layer(&mut self, _bounds: Rectangle) {}
 
-/// A renderer that does nothing.
-///
-/// It can be useful if you are writing tests!
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default)]
-pub struct Null;
+    fn end_layer(&mut self) {}
 
-impl Null {
-    /// Creates a new [`Null`] renderer.
-    pub fn new() -> Null {
-        Null
-    }
-}
-
-impl Renderer for Null {
-    fn with_layer(&mut self, _bounds: Rectangle, _f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self)) {}
+    fn start_transformation(&mut self, _transformation: Transformation) {}
 
-    fn with_transformation(
-        &mut self,
-        _transformation: Transformation,
-        _f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self),
-    ) {
-    }
+    fn end_transformation(&mut self) {}
 
     fn clear(&mut self) {}
 
@@ -40,7 +27,7 @@ impl Renderer for Null {
     }
 }
 
-impl text::Renderer for Null {
+impl text::Renderer for () {
     type Font = Font;
     type Paragraph = ();
     type Editor = ();
@@ -57,8 +44,6 @@ impl text::Renderer for Null {
         Pixels(16.0)
     }
 
-    fn load_font(&mut self, _font: Cow<'static, [u8]>) {}
-
     fn fill_paragraph(
         &mut self,
         _paragraph: &Self::Paragraph,
@@ -79,7 +64,7 @@ impl text::Renderer for Null {
 
     fn fill_text(
         &mut self,
-        _paragraph: Text<'_, Self::Font>,
+        _paragraph: Text,
         _position: Point,
         _color: Color,
         _clip_bounds: Rectangle,
@@ -90,11 +75,11 @@ impl text::Renderer for Null {
 impl text::Paragraph for () {
     type Font = Font;
 
-    fn with_text(_text: Text<'_, Self::Font>) -> Self {}
+    fn with_text(_text: Text<&str>) -> Self {}
 
     fn resize(&mut self, _new_bounds: Size) {}
 
-    fn compare(&self, _text: Text<'_, Self::Font>) -> text::Difference {
+    fn compare(&self, _text: Text<&str>) -> text::Difference {
         text::Difference::None
     }
 
@@ -174,3 +159,37 @@ impl text::Editor for () {
     ) {
     }
 }
+
+impl image::Renderer for () {
+    type Handle = ();
+
+    fn measure_image(&self, _handle: &Self::Handle) -> Size<u32> {
+        Size::default()
+    }
+
+    fn draw_image(
+        &mut self,
+        _handle: Self::Handle,
+        _filter_method: image::FilterMethod,
+        _bounds: Rectangle,
+        _rotation: Radians,
+        _opacity: f32,
+    ) {
+    }
+}
+
+impl svg::Renderer for () {
+    fn measure_svg(&self, _handle: &svg::Handle) -> Size<u32> {
+        Size::default()
+    }
+
+    fn draw_svg(
+        &mut self,
+        _handle: svg::Handle,
+        _color: Option<Color>,
+        _bounds: Rectangle,
+        _rotation: Radians,
+        _opacity: f32,
+    ) {
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/rotation.rs b/core/src/rotation.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..afa8d79e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/rotation.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+//! Control the rotation of some content (like an image) within a space.
+use crate::{Degrees, Radians, Size};
+
+/// The strategy used to rotate the content.
+///
+/// This is used to control the behavior of the layout when the content is rotated
+/// by a certain angle.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
+pub enum Rotation {
+    /// The element will float while rotating. The layout will be kept exactly as it was
+    /// before the rotation.
+    ///
+    /// This is especially useful when used for animations, as it will avoid the
+    /// layout being shifted or resized when smoothly i.e. an icon.
+    ///
+    /// This is the default.
+    Floating(Radians),
+    /// The element will be solid while rotating. The layout will be adjusted to fit
+    /// the rotated content.
+    ///
+    /// This allows you to rotate an image and have the layout adjust to fit the new
+    /// size of the image.
+    Solid(Radians),
+}
+
+impl Rotation {
+    /// Returns the angle of the [`Rotation`] in [`Radians`].
+    pub fn radians(self) -> Radians {
+        match self {
+            Rotation::Floating(radians) | Rotation::Solid(radians) => radians,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a mutable reference to the angle of the [`Rotation`] in [`Radians`].
+    pub fn radians_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Radians {
+        match self {
+            Rotation::Floating(radians) | Rotation::Solid(radians) => radians,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the angle of the [`Rotation`] in [`Degrees`].
+    pub fn degrees(self) -> Degrees {
+        Degrees(self.radians().0.to_degrees())
+    }
+
+    /// Applies the [`Rotation`] to the given [`Size`], returning
+    /// the minimum [`Size`] containing the rotated one.
+    pub fn apply(self, size: Size) -> Size {
+        match self {
+            Self::Floating(_) => size,
+            Self::Solid(rotation) => size.rotate(rotation),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for Rotation {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::Floating(Radians(0.0))
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Radians> for Rotation {
+    fn from(radians: Radians) -> Self {
+        Self::Floating(radians)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<f32> for Rotation {
+    fn from(radians: f32) -> Self {
+        Self::Floating(Radians(radians))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/size.rs b/core/src/size.rs
index 267fc90e..d7459355 100644
--- a/core/src/size.rs
+++ b/core/src/size.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-use crate::Vector;
+use crate::{Radians, Vector};
 
 /// An amount of space in 2 dimensions.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Default)]
 pub struct Size<T = f32> {
     /// The width.
     pub width: T,
@@ -51,6 +51,19 @@ impl Size {
             height: self.height + other.height,
         }
     }
+
+    /// Rotates the given [`Size`] and returns the minimum [`Size`]
+    /// containing it.
+    pub fn rotate(self, rotation: Radians) -> Size {
+        let radians = f32::from(rotation);
+
+        Size {
+            width: (self.width * radians.cos()).abs()
+                + (self.height * radians.sin()).abs(),
+            height: (self.width * radians.sin()).abs()
+                + (self.height * radians.cos()).abs(),
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl<T> From<[T; 2]> for Size<T> {
@@ -99,3 +112,31 @@ where
         }
     }
 }
+
+impl<T> std::ops::Mul<T> for Size<T>
+where
+    T: std::ops::Mul<Output = T> + Copy,
+{
+    type Output = Size<T>;
+
+    fn mul(self, rhs: T) -> Self::Output {
+        Size {
+            width: self.width * rhs,
+            height: self.height * rhs,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> std::ops::Mul<Vector<T>> for Size<T>
+where
+    T: std::ops::Mul<Output = T> + Copy,
+{
+    type Output = Size<T>;
+
+    fn mul(self, scale: Vector<T>) -> Self::Output {
+        Size {
+            width: self.width * scale.x,
+            height: self.height * scale.y,
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/svg.rs b/core/src/svg.rs
index d63e3c95..946b8156 100644
--- a/core/src/svg.rs
+++ b/core/src/svg.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 //! Load and draw vector graphics.
-use crate::{Color, Hasher, Rectangle, Size};
+use crate::{Color, Radians, Rectangle, Size};
 
+use rustc_hash::FxHasher;
 use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher as _};
 use std::path::PathBuf;
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ impl Handle {
     }
 
     fn from_data(data: Data) -> Handle {
-        let mut hasher = Hasher::default();
+        let mut hasher = FxHasher::default();
         data.hash(&mut hasher);
 
         Handle {
@@ -91,8 +92,15 @@ impl std::fmt::Debug for Data {
 /// [renderer]: crate::renderer
 pub trait Renderer: crate::Renderer {
     /// Returns the default dimensions of an SVG for the given [`Handle`].
-    fn dimensions(&self, handle: &Handle) -> Size<u32>;
+    fn measure_svg(&self, handle: &Handle) -> Size<u32>;
 
     /// Draws an SVG with the given [`Handle`], an optional [`Color`] filter, and inside the provided `bounds`.
-    fn draw(&mut self, handle: Handle, color: Option<Color>, bounds: Rectangle);
+    fn draw_svg(
+        &mut self,
+        handle: Handle,
+        color: Option<Color>,
+        bounds: Rectangle,
+        rotation: Radians,
+        opacity: f32,
+    );
 }
diff --git a/core/src/text.rs b/core/src/text.rs
index edef79c2..b30feae0 100644
--- a/core/src/text.rs
+++ b/core/src/text.rs
@@ -11,14 +11,13 @@ pub use paragraph::Paragraph;
 use crate::alignment;
 use crate::{Color, Pixels, Point, Rectangle, Size};
 
-use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
 
 /// A paragraph.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
-pub struct Text<'a, Font> {
+pub struct Text<Content = String, Font = crate::Font> {
     /// The content of the paragraph.
-    pub content: &'a str,
+    pub content: Content,
 
     /// The bounds of the paragraph.
     pub bounds: Size,
@@ -192,9 +191,6 @@ pub trait Renderer: crate::Renderer {
     /// Returns the default size of [`Text`].
     fn default_size(&self) -> Pixels;
 
-    /// Loads a [`Self::Font`] from its bytes.
-    fn load_font(&mut self, font: Cow<'static, [u8]>);
-
     /// Draws the given [`Paragraph`] at the given position and with the given
     /// [`Color`].
     fn fill_paragraph(
@@ -219,7 +215,7 @@ pub trait Renderer: crate::Renderer {
     /// [`Color`].
     fn fill_text(
         &mut self,
-        text: Text<'_, Self::Font>,
+        text: Text<String, Self::Font>,
         position: Point,
         color: Color,
         clip_bounds: Rectangle,
diff --git a/core/src/text/paragraph.rs b/core/src/text/paragraph.rs
index de1fb74d..8ff04015 100644
--- a/core/src/text/paragraph.rs
+++ b/core/src/text/paragraph.rs
@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@ pub trait Paragraph: Sized + Default {
     type Font: Copy + PartialEq;
 
     /// Creates a new [`Paragraph`] laid out with the given [`Text`].
-    fn with_text(text: Text<'_, Self::Font>) -> Self;
+    fn with_text(text: Text<&str, Self::Font>) -> Self;
 
     /// Lays out the [`Paragraph`] with some new boundaries.
     fn resize(&mut self, new_bounds: Size);
 
     /// Compares the [`Paragraph`] with some desired [`Text`] and returns the
     /// [`Difference`].
-    fn compare(&self, text: Text<'_, Self::Font>) -> Difference;
+    fn compare(&self, text: Text<&str, Self::Font>) -> Difference;
 
     /// Returns the horizontal alignment of the [`Paragraph`].
     fn horizontal_alignment(&self) -> alignment::Horizontal;
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ pub trait Paragraph: Sized + Default {
     fn grapheme_position(&self, line: usize, index: usize) -> Option<Point>;
 
     /// Updates the [`Paragraph`] to match the given [`Text`], if needed.
-    fn update(&mut self, text: Text<'_, Self::Font>) {
+    fn update(&mut self, text: Text<&str, Self::Font>) {
         match self.compare(text) {
             Difference::None => {}
             Difference::Bounds => {
diff --git a/core/src/theme.rs b/core/src/theme.rs
index 948aaf83..6b2c04da 100644
--- a/core/src/theme.rs
+++ b/core/src/theme.rs
@@ -7,10 +7,9 @@ use std::fmt;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 /// A built-in theme.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Default)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub enum Theme {
     /// The built-in light variant.
-    #[default]
     Light,
     /// The built-in dark variant.
     Dark,
@@ -161,6 +160,28 @@ impl Theme {
     }
 }
 
+impl Default for Theme {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        #[cfg(feature = "auto-detect-theme")]
+        {
+            use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
+
+            static DEFAULT: Lazy<Theme> =
+                Lazy::new(|| match dark_light::detect() {
+                    dark_light::Mode::Dark => Theme::Dark,
+                    dark_light::Mode::Light | dark_light::Mode::Default => {
+                        Theme::Light
+                    }
+                });
+
+            DEFAULT.clone()
+        }
+
+        #[cfg(not(feature = "auto-detect-theme"))]
+        Theme::Light
+    }
+}
+
 impl fmt::Display for Theme {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         match self {
diff --git a/core/src/theme/palette.rs b/core/src/theme/palette.rs
index ca91c248..e0ff397a 100644
--- a/core/src/theme/palette.rs
+++ b/core/src/theme/palette.rs
@@ -613,10 +613,15 @@ fn mix(a: Color, b: Color, factor: f32) -> Color {
 fn readable(background: Color, text: Color) -> Color {
     if is_readable(background, text) {
         text
-    } else if is_dark(background) {
-        Color::WHITE
     } else {
-        Color::BLACK
+        let white_contrast = relative_contrast(background, Color::WHITE);
+        let black_contrast = relative_contrast(background, Color::BLACK);
+
+        if white_contrast >= black_contrast {
+            Color::WHITE
+        } else {
+            Color::BLACK
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -631,6 +636,13 @@ fn is_readable(a: Color, b: Color) -> bool {
     a_srgb.has_enhanced_contrast_text(b_srgb)
 }
 
+fn relative_contrast(a: Color, b: Color) -> f32 {
+    let a_srgb = Rgb::from(a);
+    let b_srgb = Rgb::from(b);
+
+    a_srgb.relative_contrast(b_srgb)
+}
+
 fn to_hsl(color: Color) -> Hsl {
     Hsl::from_color(Rgb::from(color))
 }
diff --git a/core/src/transformation.rs b/core/src/transformation.rs
index b2c488b0..74183147 100644
--- a/core/src/transformation.rs
+++ b/core/src/transformation.rs
@@ -42,6 +42,12 @@ impl Transformation {
     }
 }
 
+impl Default for Transformation {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Transformation::IDENTITY
+    }
+}
+
 impl Mul for Transformation {
     type Output = Self;
 
diff --git a/core/src/vector.rs b/core/src/vector.rs
index 1380c3b3..049e648f 100644
--- a/core/src/vector.rs
+++ b/core/src/vector.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@ impl<T> Vector<T> {
 impl Vector {
     /// The zero [`Vector`].
     pub const ZERO: Self = Self::new(0.0, 0.0);
+
+    /// The unit [`Vector`].
+    pub const UNIT: Self = Self::new(0.0, 0.0);
 }
 
 impl<T> std::ops::Add for Vector<T>
diff --git a/core/src/widget.rs b/core/src/widget.rs
index 58a9f19b..b02e3a4f 100644
--- a/core/src/widget.rs
+++ b/core/src/widget.rs
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ where
         _viewport: &Rectangle,
         _renderer: &Renderer,
     ) -> mouse::Interaction {
-        mouse::Interaction::Idle
+        mouse::Interaction::None
     }
 
     /// Returns the overlay of the [`Widget`], if there is any.
diff --git a/core/src/widget/text.rs b/core/src/widget/text.rs
index 66e2d066..f1f0b345 100644
--- a/core/src/widget/text.rs
+++ b/core/src/widget/text.rs
@@ -18,9 +18,10 @@ pub use text::{LineHeight, Shaping};
 #[allow(missing_debug_implementations)]
 pub struct Text<'a, Theme, Renderer>
 where
+    Theme: Catalog,
     Renderer: text::Renderer,
 {
-    content: Cow<'a, str>,
+    fragment: Fragment<'a>,
     size: Option<Pixels>,
     line_height: LineHeight,
     width: Length,
@@ -29,20 +30,18 @@ where
     vertical_alignment: alignment::Vertical,
     font: Option<Renderer::Font>,
     shaping: Shaping,
-    style: Style<'a, Theme>,
+    class: Theme::Class<'a>,
 }
 
 impl<'a, Theme, Renderer> Text<'a, Theme, Renderer>
 where
+    Theme: Catalog,
     Renderer: text::Renderer,
 {
     /// Create a new fragment of [`Text`] with the given contents.
-    pub fn new(content: impl Into<Cow<'a, str>>) -> Self
-    where
-        Theme: DefaultStyle + 'a,
-    {
+    pub fn new(fragment: impl IntoFragment<'a>) -> Self {
         Text {
-            content: content.into(),
+            fragment: fragment.into_fragment(),
             size: None,
             line_height: LineHeight::default(),
             font: None,
@@ -51,7 +50,7 @@ where
             horizontal_alignment: alignment::Horizontal::Left,
             vertical_alignment: alignment::Vertical::Top,
             shaping: Shaping::Basic,
-            style: Box::new(Theme::default_style),
+            class: Theme::default(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -75,25 +74,6 @@ where
         self
     }
 
-    /// Sets the style of the [`Text`].
-    pub fn style(mut self, style: impl Fn(&Theme) -> Appearance + 'a) -> Self {
-        self.style = Box::new(style);
-        self
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the [`Color`] of the [`Text`].
-    pub fn color(self, color: impl Into<Color>) -> Self {
-        self.color_maybe(Some(color))
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the [`Color`] of the [`Text`], if `Some`.
-    pub fn color_maybe(mut self, color: Option<impl Into<Color>>) -> Self {
-        let color = color.map(Into::into);
-
-        self.style = Box::new(move |_theme| Appearance { color });
-        self
-    }
-
     /// Sets the width of the [`Text`] boundaries.
     pub fn width(mut self, width: impl Into<Length>) -> Self {
         self.width = width.into();
@@ -129,6 +109,42 @@ where
         self.shaping = shaping;
         self
     }
+
+    /// Sets the style of the [`Text`].
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn style(mut self, style: impl Fn(&Theme) -> Style + 'a) -> Self
+    where
+        Theme::Class<'a>: From<StyleFn<'a, Theme>>,
+    {
+        self.class = (Box::new(style) as StyleFn<'a, Theme>).into();
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the [`Color`] of the [`Text`].
+    pub fn color(self, color: impl Into<Color>) -> Self
+    where
+        Theme::Class<'a>: From<StyleFn<'a, Theme>>,
+    {
+        self.color_maybe(Some(color))
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the [`Color`] of the [`Text`], if `Some`.
+    pub fn color_maybe(self, color: Option<impl Into<Color>>) -> Self
+    where
+        Theme::Class<'a>: From<StyleFn<'a, Theme>>,
+    {
+        let color = color.map(Into::into);
+
+        self.style(move |_theme| Style { color })
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the style class of the [`Text`].
+    #[cfg(feature = "advanced")]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn class(mut self, class: impl Into<Theme::Class<'a>>) -> Self {
+        self.class = class.into();
+        self
+    }
 }
 
 /// The internal state of a [`Text`] widget.
@@ -138,6 +154,7 @@ pub struct State<P: Paragraph>(P);
 impl<'a, Message, Theme, Renderer> Widget<Message, Theme, Renderer>
     for Text<'a, Theme, Renderer>
 where
+    Theme: Catalog,
     Renderer: text::Renderer,
 {
     fn tag(&self) -> tree::Tag {
@@ -167,7 +184,7 @@ where
             limits,
             self.width,
             self.height,
-            &self.content,
+            &self.fragment,
             self.line_height,
             self.size,
             self.font,
@@ -182,15 +199,15 @@ where
         tree: &Tree,
         renderer: &mut Renderer,
         theme: &Theme,
-        style: &renderer::Style,
+        defaults: &renderer::Style,
         layout: Layout<'_>,
         _cursor_position: mouse::Cursor,
         viewport: &Rectangle,
     ) {
         let state = tree.state.downcast_ref::<State<Renderer::Paragraph>>();
-        let appearance = (self.style)(theme);
+        let style = theme.style(&self.class);
 
-        draw(renderer, style, layout, state, appearance, viewport);
+        draw(renderer, defaults, layout, state, style, viewport);
     }
 }
 
@@ -250,7 +267,7 @@ pub fn draw<Renderer>(
     style: &renderer::Style,
     layout: Layout<'_>,
     state: &State<Renderer::Paragraph>,
-    appearance: Appearance,
+    appearance: Style,
     viewport: &Rectangle,
 ) where
     Renderer: text::Renderer,
@@ -281,7 +298,7 @@ pub fn draw<Renderer>(
 impl<'a, Message, Theme, Renderer> From<Text<'a, Theme, Renderer>>
     for Element<'a, Message, Theme, Renderer>
 where
-    Theme: 'a,
+    Theme: Catalog + 'a,
     Renderer: text::Renderer + 'a,
 {
     fn from(
@@ -293,7 +310,7 @@ where
 
 impl<'a, Theme, Renderer> From<&'a str> for Text<'a, Theme, Renderer>
 where
-    Theme: DefaultStyle + 'a,
+    Theme: Catalog + 'a,
     Renderer: text::Renderer,
 {
     fn from(content: &'a str) -> Self {
@@ -304,7 +321,7 @@ where
 impl<'a, Message, Theme, Renderer> From<&'a str>
     for Element<'a, Message, Theme, Renderer>
 where
-    Theme: DefaultStyle + 'a,
+    Theme: Catalog + 'a,
     Renderer: text::Renderer + 'a,
 {
     fn from(content: &'a str) -> Self {
@@ -314,30 +331,116 @@ where
 
 /// The appearance of some text.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default)]
-pub struct Appearance {
+pub struct Style {
     /// The [`Color`] of the text.
     ///
     /// The default, `None`, means using the inherited color.
     pub color: Option<Color>,
 }
 
-/// The style of some [`Text`].
-pub type Style<'a, Theme> = Box<dyn Fn(&Theme) -> Appearance + 'a>;
+/// The theme catalog of a [`Text`].
+pub trait Catalog: Sized {
+    /// The item class of this [`Catalog`].
+    type Class<'a>;
+
+    /// The default class produced by this [`Catalog`].
+    fn default<'a>() -> Self::Class<'a>;
 
-/// The default style of some [`Text`].
-pub trait DefaultStyle {
-    /// Returns the default style of some [`Text`].
-    fn default_style(&self) -> Appearance;
+    /// The [`Style`] of a class with the given status.
+    fn style(&self, item: &Self::Class<'_>) -> Style;
 }
 
-impl DefaultStyle for Theme {
-    fn default_style(&self) -> Appearance {
-        Appearance::default()
+/// A styling function for a [`Text`].
+///
+/// This is just a boxed closure: `Fn(&Theme, Status) -> Style`.
+pub type StyleFn<'a, Theme> = Box<dyn Fn(&Theme) -> Style + 'a>;
+
+impl Catalog for Theme {
+    type Class<'a> = StyleFn<'a, Self>;
+
+    fn default<'a>() -> Self::Class<'a> {
+        Box::new(|_theme| Style::default())
+    }
+
+    fn style(&self, class: &Self::Class<'_>) -> Style {
+        class(self)
+    }
+}
+
+/// A fragment of [`Text`].
+///
+/// This is just an alias to a string that may be either
+/// borrowed or owned.
+pub type Fragment<'a> = Cow<'a, str>;
+
+/// A trait for converting a value to some text [`Fragment`].
+pub trait IntoFragment<'a> {
+    /// Converts the value to some text [`Fragment`].
+    fn into_fragment(self) -> Fragment<'a>;
+}
+
+impl<'a> IntoFragment<'a> for Fragment<'a> {
+    fn into_fragment(self) -> Fragment<'a> {
+        self
     }
 }
 
-impl DefaultStyle for Color {
-    fn default_style(&self) -> Appearance {
-        Appearance { color: Some(*self) }
+impl<'a, 'b> IntoFragment<'a> for &'a Fragment<'b> {
+    fn into_fragment(self) -> Fragment<'a> {
+        Fragment::Borrowed(self)
     }
 }
+
+impl<'a> IntoFragment<'a> for &'a str {
+    fn into_fragment(self) -> Fragment<'a> {
+        Fragment::Borrowed(self)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> IntoFragment<'a> for &'a String {
+    fn into_fragment(self) -> Fragment<'a> {
+        Fragment::Borrowed(self.as_str())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> IntoFragment<'a> for String {
+    fn into_fragment(self) -> Fragment<'a> {
+        Fragment::Owned(self)
+    }
+}
+
+macro_rules! into_fragment {
+    ($type:ty) => {
+        impl<'a> IntoFragment<'a> for $type {
+            fn into_fragment(self) -> Fragment<'a> {
+                Fragment::Owned(self.to_string())
+            }
+        }
+
+        impl<'a> IntoFragment<'a> for &$type {
+            fn into_fragment(self) -> Fragment<'a> {
+                Fragment::Owned(self.to_string())
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+into_fragment!(char);
+into_fragment!(bool);
+
+into_fragment!(u8);
+into_fragment!(u16);
+into_fragment!(u32);
+into_fragment!(u64);
+into_fragment!(u128);
+into_fragment!(usize);
+
+into_fragment!(i8);
+into_fragment!(i16);
+into_fragment!(i32);
+into_fragment!(i64);
+into_fragment!(i128);
+into_fragment!(isize);
+
+into_fragment!(f32);
+into_fragment!(f64);
diff --git a/core/src/window/position.rs b/core/src/window/position.rs
index 73391e75..1c8e86b6 100644
--- a/core/src/window/position.rs
+++ b/core/src/window/position.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::Point;
+use crate::{Point, Size};
 
 /// The position of a window in a given screen.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
@@ -15,6 +15,12 @@ pub enum Position {
     /// at (0, 0) you would have to set the position to
     /// `(PADDING_X, PADDING_Y)`.
     Specific(Point),
+    /// Like [`Specific`], but the window is positioned with the specific coordinates returned by the function.
+    ///
+    /// The function receives the window size and the monitor's resolution as input.
+    ///
+    /// [`Specific`]: Self::Specific
+    SpecificWith(fn(Size, Size) -> Point),
 }
 
 impl Default for Position {
diff --git a/core/src/window/redraw_request.rs b/core/src/window/redraw_request.rs
index 8a59e83c..b0c000d6 100644
--- a/core/src/window/redraw_request.rs
+++ b/core/src/window/redraw_request.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ pub enum RedrawRequest {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
-    use crate::time::{Duration, Instant};
+    use crate::time::Duration;
 
     #[test]
     fn ordering() {
diff --git a/core/src/window/settings/wasm.rs b/core/src/window/settings/wasm.rs
index 8e0f1bbc..30e60b6a 100644
--- a/core/src/window/settings/wasm.rs
+++ b/core/src/window/settings/wasm.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,21 @@
 //! Platform specific settings for WebAssembly.
 
 /// The platform specific window settings of an application.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct PlatformSpecific {
     /// The identifier of a DOM element that will be replaced with the
     /// application.
     ///
     /// If set to `None`, the application will be appended to the HTML body.
+    ///
+    /// By default, it is set to `"iced"`.
     pub target: Option<String>,
 }
+
+impl Default for PlatformSpecific {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            target: Some(String::from("iced")),
+        }
+    }
+}